CRMA
Civil Rights Movement Archive
Monthly Newsletter

March 1st, 2026

Website Report
Our Sister Sites
Announcements
Top Ten Most Viewed
New CRMA Video & Audio
New Movement Documents
New Letters & Reports
New Stories & Narratives
New Thoughts & Commentaries
In Memory, New Tributes
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), New Answers
New Poems
New Photos, Art, & Posters
Recent Books

Please Donate.
With a Little Help From Our Friends,
We'll keep on keeping on.

Ever since we established the CRMA (originally known as "CRMVet") in 1999, it has been almost entirely funded by personal donations from Freedom Movement veterans and individual supporters. We carry on this work with almost zero institutional support, foundation grants, or philanthropic contributions. So if you find our CRMA site useful and worthy, please click donate to keep us alive and growing. You can donate via check, your bank's Bill Pay service, or PayPal. Thank you for anything you are able to contribute.

Website Report

As of March 1st, our online archive contained 11,828 viewable pages, documents, images, and recordings, 490 videos in our Vimeo video channel, and listings for 696 Freedom Movement veterans.

According to Google, there were 41,426 visits to the CRMA website during February for an average of 1480 per day. This is approximately 11% more than February of last year. There are 29,878 links on the global internet to our site.

Roughly 36% of our visitors came from outside the U.S. in February. On average over the course of a year, international visitors used to comprise 15%-20% of our users. But starting in August of last year, there was a ten-fold increase in the number of visits from China and that continues to be the case, in February 21% of our visitors came from that nation. We are proud that our Freedom Movement of the 1960s is still of interest to people around the world and that our site still stands as a free, publicly-available, un-censored international information resource.

Top Ten Most Viewed

According to Google, here are the top-ten, most-visited sections and individual pages in February.
(Note that Google does not count how often PDF files are accessed. Since most of our documents are in PDF format, the "Top Ten" lists are not all that accurate.)

Sections, Landing & Reference Pages

Photo Album: They Say That Freedom is a Constant Struggle (1962-1963)

Freedom Movement Photo Album

Freedom Movement Bibliography

New! CRMA Newsletter for January

Freedom Rides and Freedom Riders Resources

MLK Speeched & Writings,

Civil Rights Movement Web Links

Documents: Selma Alabama and the March to Montgomery 1963-1965

Freedom Movement Videos

About the Civil Rights Movement Archive

Individual Pages & Documents

The Other America, Dr. Martin Luther King. (1967)

Photo Album: The Children's Crusade: Birmingham (1963)

Photo Album: The Sit-Ins—Off Campus and Into Movement (1960)

C.R. Movement History: 1961 (Freedom Rides, MS voter registration, Albany GA)

Photo Album: The Freedom Rides (1961)

C.R. Movement History: 1960 (student sit-ins)

Poems of Langston Hughes

Poem: Ain't I A Woman? Sojourner Truth

Photo Album: Freedom Movement Posters

Photo Album: They Say That Freedom is a Constant Struggle (1962-1963)

Top Ten Sections & Pages That Others on the Internet Link To

Google reports that out on the global internet there are 29,878 backlinks to materials on our site by people, organizations, grade-schools, and universities using us as a trusted information resource. The Top-Ten linked to pages are:

CRMA Home Page

The Other America, Dr. Martin Luther King. (1967)

The Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR)

Are You "Qualified" to Vote?—Literacy Tests & Voter Applications

Public Opinion Polls on Civil Rights Movement activities, 1961-1969

Martin Luther King and the Montgomery Story Comic Book. (FOR)

Speech to Anti-War Protest, Dr. Martin Luther King. (April 15, 1967)

C.R. Movement History: 1963 Jan-June (Birmingham, Greenwod, Danville)

C.R. Movement History: 1961 (Freedom Rides, MS voter registration, Albany GA)

Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence , Dr. Martin Luther King. (April 4, 1967)

Our Sister Sites

SNCC Legacy Project (SLP). SLP preserves and extends SNCC's legacy. Although SNCC the organization no longer exists, we believe that its legacy continues and needs to be brought forward in ways that continue the struggle for freedom, justice and equality today.

Movement History Initiative. A collaborative effort by multiple organizations to build an integrated platform for preserving — and continuing to make freely available to the public — the history, thoughts, stories, strategies, images, videos, and materials of up-from-below peoples' struggles for freedom, justice, and equality. It is being created by veterans of the 1960s Freedom Movement and modern-era, grassroots social- justice activists in Black communities who share their lives-lived experiences from the inside-out to combat distortions, false-narratives and censorship. And to provide momentum for movement building today.

SNCC Digital Gateway (SDG). A joint project of SLP and Duke University, SDG tells the story of how young activists in SNCC united with local people in the South to build a grassroots movement for change that empowered the Black community and transformed the nation.

Black Power Chronicles. The SNCC Legacy Project created the Black Power Chronicles (BPC) in 2015 to help fill the informational void that exists in our historical record about the impact of the Black Power Movement in local communities throughout America.

SCOPE 50. Preserving Civil Rights and the Story of Voting. Website of SCLC/SCOPE project activists.

Veterans of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement. Empowering the next generation, passing it on to carry it on by preserving the history of the Mississippi Movement.

Teaching for Change and Zinn Education Project. Provides teachers and parents with the tools to create schools where students learn to read, write, and change the world by promoting and supporting the teaching of people's history in middle and high school classrooms across the country.

Announcements

From Protest to Power Podcasts . SNCC Legacy Project (SLP). The central theme of these visual podcasts is the ongoing effort of the Black community to achieve the power to define its existence in America.

Now Available: Civil Rights Warrior: A Life on the Front Lines of Justice, Equality, and the American Dream, by Evelyn (Evie) Jones Rich. Skyhorse. 2026. Autobiography of CORE activist and leader.

Movement Art: If you are aware of any works of art related to the Freedom Movement such as paintings, drawings, murals, statues, and so on, please take a look at our Civil Rights Movement Art page to see if we already have an image of it in our collection. If it isn't included in our collection please email us an image we can post, or a weblink, or some other information that we can use. Thanks.

Movement Materials: Please continue to email to us documents, letters, reports, stories, and other Southern Freedom Movement materials from the period 1950-1970. See Submissions details.

New CRMA Video & Audio

Our CRMA Video Channel on the Vimeo hosting service provides videos created by Freedom Movement veterans (or their immediate families) and videos created by others that are substantially about Movement veterans. When you visit the channel, please consider adding yourself as a "follower" for social-media metrics. Thanks.

A Regular Bouquet: Mississippi Summer 1964, by Richard Beymer (Freedom Summer volunteer), 1964. Fannie Lou Hamer, Jack Minnis, project volunteers. 29min.

Marion Kwan, Hattiesburg MS summer volunteer, San Francisco Chintatown. 2025. 75min.

Strategies for Change, by Ruth Turner Perot (CORE). Thoughts and experiences about fighting for social change. Versed Studio. 2025.

Remembering Ella Baker and SNCC, Jean Wiley, SNCC. April 2011. Presentation to SFSU Political Science seminar. 42min.

New Movement Documents

1963 But, We'll Never Turn Back, SNCC fund appeal mailer. Undated (probably spring 1963)

1963 Memo on history & structure of SNCC. Unsigned SNCC. Undated (possibly fall of 1963) 2 pages.

1964 Dear Miss Becker, note to Norma Becker from Bruce Hanson NCCC re recruitment of Freedom School teachers. 4/7/65.

1964 Dear Norma, note to Norma Becker from Penny [Patch?] re Freedom School teacher applications from UFT. 4/10/64.

1964 Dear Friend. Freedom School and fund appeal to members of the UFT. 4/15/64.

1964 Dear Friend, Sandra Adicks, COFO. Freedom School teacher recruiting and fund appeal to members of the UFT. 4/20/64.

1964 Dear Colleagues, Charles Cogen, UFT. Freedom School support and teacher recruitment letter.

1964 Dear Norma. Lois Chafee, COFO. Letter to Norma Becker re Freedom Schools and Mississippi school desegregation. 4/26/64.

1964 County Convention Report, Madison Co. MS (Canton). Doroth Teal, SNCC/MFDP. Attempt by Black representatives to attend the 'Regular' (white-only) convention. 6/23/64.

1965 Summer Project Direction. Unsigned CORE. Undated 1965 (possibly May). 7 pages.

1965 ACLU Civil Rights Complaint Form to Dept. of Justice.

1965 Lincoln University Work Study Program with SNCC. Undated (probaby 1965). 3 pages.

1965 Dear Mr. Leslie letter urging support for Hammermill Paper boycot in support of Selma voting rights campaign. John Lewis, SNCC. 3/12/65

1965 Memo to Richard Haley re recruitment for CORE summer project. Geraldine Maddocks, CORE. 6/4/65

1965 Original SCOPE Orientation Notes, transcribed by Maria Gitin.

1965 SCOPE volunteers packing list. Maria Gitin

1965 Memorandum on TV-Radio Observing and Monitoring in southern states regarding race and civil rights. Bruce Hanson, UCC. 7/15/1965. 6 pages.

1965 Some Suggestions on a CORE Staff Training Program Richard Haley, CORE. 8/3/65. 2 pages.

1965 Memo #2 re ExCom meeting. Muriel Tilinghast, SNCC. 6/30/65.

1965 Memo re SNCC staff meeting. William Porter, SNCC. 7/24/65

1965 Announcement: meeting with draft counselor. Cleveland Sellers, SNCC. Related to SNCC workers facing conscription into Vietnam War. 8/4/65.

1965 Memo re closing of SNCC Chicago Freedom Center. Difficulties of urban organizing. Monroe Sharp, SNCC. 8/20/65.

1965 Executive Commitee Memo. Cleveland Sellers, SNCC. 10/8/65

1966 Memo: Requests for assistance in financing and setting up workshops. C. Conrad Browne, HREC. Undated (possibly 1966)

1966 Dear Mr. Lamour, letter to U.S. Office of Education re how funds sent Lowndes County Alabama school system were spent. Yale Rabin, LCFO. 9/8/66

1966 Lownes County Alabama Board of Education financial information. Hulda Coleman.

1966 Note to Muriel Tillinghast re Executive Committee Meeting. Roy Shields, SNCC. Undted (probably late 1960s)

1968 Urgent: Nashville a Black Concentration Camp, SNCC statement. Reprint by FIS. 1/25/68.

Freedom Information Service (FIS) Mississippi Newsletters

January 5, 1968

January 12, 1968

Vietnam War, Military Draft, & GI Movement Documents

1967 Anti-War Labor Organizing, Vietnam Summer. (Vietnam Summer was a nationwide, summer project by anti-war students to build grass-roots opposition to the war. June-August 1967. 17 pages.

Documents from the Northern Wing of the Movement

1963 FoS SNCC Needs Your Vote, UC Berkeley Friends of SNCC. Flyer asking students to vote on student government donation to SNCC. Undated (Possibly October 1963)

10/63 FoS Protest, flyer for forum about SNCC campaign in Albany GA. UC Berkeley Friends of SNCC. October 1963

7/31/66 SNCC Statement on the 'Disturbance' at 13th and Fitzwater St. Philadelphia SNCC

9/16/66 SNCC The Philadelphia White Power Structure is Framing SNCC, Jame Forman. 3pages

9/2/67 NCNP Black Politics in Mississippi, Victoria Gray, SNCC/MFDP. Statement to NCNP. 2 pages

New Letters & Reports From the Field

63? 64? Unsigned, Knox College Letter to JoAnn Ooiman, about work in the South. Undated (probably late 1963 or early 1964)

3/18/64 Unsigned COFO Report on voting rights in Mississippi to Commission on Civil Rights, MS . August 18 1964. 5 pages

4/64 John Stipp, Knox Coll. Letter of concrn to Atty. Gen. Kennedy

9/13/64 Rev. Ysutake(?) Report to Jesse Harris, on use of a church in McComb MS for COFO programs. 6 pages.

1/11/65 JoAnn Ooiman, COFO Letter to Congressman Schisler re seating of white-only Mississippi congressmen

2/65 Phil & Judy Sharp? Dear JoAnn & Bill, letter from Canton MS

3/17/65 Dale Catlin, EUBC Letter to JoAnn Ooiman, Canton MS

New Letters & Reports From Mississippi Freedom Summer

8/1/64 Rabbi Soloff, COFO Arrested in Mississippi, report on his arrest in Canton MS for supporting voter registration. 2 pages.

8/21/64 George Robbins, COFO Violence in Bolivar and Sunflower Counties, MS. 2 pages.

8/28/64 Rev. Laurel Gray An Evaluation: the Shaw COFO Project, MS

New Stories & Narratives

Bruce Hartford Selma and Montgomery: 1965-1966 [PDF]

Bruce Hartford Rural Alabama: 1965-1966 [PDF]

Melvin Todd The Making of a Child Crusader (Birmingham AL)

Affidavits of Repression, Retaliation & Violence

1965 Affidavits of Jim Perry & Charles Sherrod, How the Voting Bill Works in Baker County Georgia. 8/16/65

New Thoughts & Commentaries

Remembering Ella Baker and SNCC, Jean Wiley, SNCC.

In Memory, New Tributes

Rev. Jesse Jackson Sr.

Daphne Muse

Frequently Asked Questions, New Answers:

No new answers added this month.

New Poems

No new poems added this month.

New Photos, Art, & Posters

Mississippi: Into the Storm

Freedom Summer

Before I'll Be a Slave...

Web Links and Bibliography updated, revised, & expanded.

Archive of Previous Monthly Newsletters

Recent Books by or About Movement Veterans:

Civil Rights Warrior: A Life on the Front Lines of Justice, Equality, and the American Dream, by Evelyn (Evie) Jones Rich. Skyhorse. 2026. Autobiography of CORE activist and leader.

Police Against the Movement: The Sabotage of the Civil Rights Struggle and the Activists Who Fought Back. Clark Davis. 2025. Princeton University Press. An examination of the civil rights struggle through its work against police violence, malpractice, and illegal surveillance such as the FBI's massive CONINTEL disruption and political-repression program. Describes CORE, SNCC, and other organization's direct action resistance to police abuses.

Spell Freedom: The Underground Schools That Built the Civil Rights Movement. Atria/One Signal Publishers (Simon & Schuster) March 2025. The little known story of how four activists in the 1950s created and built a semi-clandestine network of Citizenship Schools across the Jim Crow South. A network that formed a foundation for the Freedom Movement's voting rights battles of the 1960s. Septima Clark, Esau Jenkins, Bernice Robinson, and Myles Horton of the Highlander Center.

Mississippi's Black Cotton. By MacArthur Cotton and John Obee, foreword by Nikole Hannah-Jones. University of Georgia Press. May 1, 2025. A personal history of the 1960's Mississippi Civil Rights Movement by SNCC Field Secretary MacArthur Cotton, who lived it.

If Anybody Should Ask You ... This Is What Happened: A Memoir, by Gwendolyn J. Dennis-Mack. 2024. The personal story of an African American high school girl who joined the movement of young people to desegregate American classrooms in Deep South Georgia.

As always comments, suggestions, corrections, and submissions from Freedom Movement activists are welcome. Veterans of the Southern Freedom Movement who are listed on the website's Roll Call are encouraged to contribute to the website their stories, thoughts, documents, and memories & tributes of those who have passed on by emailing them in to us.

If you're not already a subscriber to the monthly email version of this newsletter, send us your email address and let us know you'd like to be added to the list. To unsubscribe (heaven forfend!) do the same.

— Bruce Hartford
webspinner@crmvet.org

	SNCC Legacy Project (SLP). SLP preserves and extends SNCC's legacy. Although SNCC the organization no longer exists, we believe that its legacy continues and needs to be brought forward in ways that continue the struggle for freedom, justice and equality today.
	Movement History Initiative. A collaborative effort by multiple organizations to build an integrated platform for preserving — and continuing to make freely available to the public — the history, thoughts, stories, strategies, images, videos, and materials of up-from-below peoples' struggles for freedom, justice, and equality. It is being created by veterans of the 1960s Freedom Movement and modern-era, grassroots social- justice activists in Black communities who share their lives-lived experiences from the inside-out to combat distortions, false-narratives and censorship. And to provide momentum for movement building today.
	SNCC Digital Gateway (SDG). A joint project of SLP and Duke University, SDG tells the story of how young activists in SNCC united with local people in the South to build a grassroots movement for change that empowered the Black community and transformed the nation.
	Black Power Chronicles. The SNCC Legacy Project created the Black Power Chronicles (BPC) in 2015 to help fill the informational void that exists in our historical record about the impact of the Black Power Movement in local communities throughout America.
	SCOPE 50. Preserving Civil Rights and the Story of Voting. Website of SCLC/SCOPE project activists.
	Veterans of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement. Empowering the next generation, passing it on to carry it on by preserving the history of the Mississippi Movement.
	Teaching for Change and Zinn Education Project. Provides teachers and parents with the tools to create schools where students learn to read, write, and change the world by promoting and supporting the teaching of people's history in middle and high school classrooms across the country.

1963	But, We'll Never Turn Back, SNCC fund appeal mailer. Undated (probably spring 1963)
1963	Memo on history & structure of SNCC. Unsigned SNCC. Undated (possibly fall of 1963) 2 pages.
1964	Dear Miss Becker, note to Norma Becker from Bruce Hanson NCCC re recruitment of Freedom School teachers. 4/7/65.
1964	Dear Norma, note to Norma Becker from Penny [Patch?] re Freedom School teacher applications from UFT. 4/10/64.
1964	Dear Friend. Freedom School and fund appeal to members of the UFT. 4/15/64.
1964	Dear Friend, Sandra Adicks, COFO. Freedom School teacher recruiting and fund appeal to members of the UFT. 4/20/64.
1964	Dear Colleagues, Charles Cogen, UFT. Freedom School support and teacher recruitment letter.
1964	Dear Norma. Lois Chafee, COFO. Letter to Norma Becker re Freedom Schools and Mississippi school desegregation. 4/26/64.
1964	County Convention Report, Madison Co. MS (Canton). Doroth Teal, SNCC/MFDP. Attempt by Black representatives to attend the 'Regular' (white-only) convention. 6/23/64.
1965	Summer Project Direction. Unsigned CORE. Undated 1965 (possibly May). 7 pages.
1965	ACLU Civil Rights Complaint Form to Dept. of Justice.
1965	Lincoln University Work Study Program with SNCC. Undated (probaby 1965). 3 pages.
1965	Dear Mr. Leslie letter urging support for Hammermill Paper boycot in support of Selma voting rights campaign. John Lewis, SNCC. 3/12/65
1965	Memo to Richard Haley re recruitment for CORE summer project. Geraldine Maddocks, CORE. 6/4/65
1965	Original SCOPE Orientation Notes, transcribed by Maria Gitin.
1965	SCOPE volunteers packing list. Maria Gitin
1965	Memorandum on TV-Radio Observing and Monitoring in southern states regarding race and civil rights. Bruce Hanson, UCC. 7/15/1965. 6 pages.
1965	Some Suggestions on a CORE Staff Training Program Richard Haley, CORE. 8/3/65. 2 pages.
1965	Memo #2 re ExCom meeting. Muriel Tilinghast, SNCC. 6/30/65.
1965	Memo re SNCC staff meeting. William Porter, SNCC. 7/24/65
1965	Announcement: meeting with draft counselor. Cleveland Sellers, SNCC. Related to SNCC workers facing conscription into Vietnam War. 8/4/65.
1965	Memo re closing of SNCC Chicago Freedom Center. Difficulties of urban organizing. Monroe Sharp, SNCC. 8/20/65.
1965	Executive Commitee Memo. Cleveland Sellers, SNCC. 10/8/65
1966	Memo: Requests for assistance in financing and setting up workshops. C. Conrad Browne, HREC. Undated (possibly 1966)
1966	Dear Mr. Lamour, letter to U.S. Office of Education re how funds sent Lowndes County Alabama school system were spent. Yale Rabin, LCFO. 9/8/66
1966	Lownes County Alabama Board of Education financial information. Hulda Coleman.
1966	Note to Muriel Tillinghast re Executive Committee Meeting. Roy Shields, SNCC. Undted (probably late 1960s)
1968	Urgent: Nashville a Black Concentration Camp, SNCC statement. Reprint by FIS. 1/25/68.

1963	FoS	SNCC Needs Your Vote, UC Berkeley Friends of SNCC. Flyer asking students to vote on student government donation to SNCC. Undated (Possibly October 1963)
10/63	FoS	Protest, flyer for forum about SNCC campaign in Albany GA. UC Berkeley Friends of SNCC. October 1963
7/31/66	SNCC	Statement on the 'Disturbance' at 13th and Fitzwater St. Philadelphia SNCC
9/16/66	SNCC	The Philadelphia White Power Structure is Framing SNCC, Jame Forman. 3pages
9/2/67	NCNP	Black Politics in Mississippi, Victoria Gray, SNCC/MFDP. Statement to NCNP. 2 pages

63? 64?	Unsigned, Knox College	Letter to JoAnn Ooiman, about work in the South. Undated (probably late 1963 or early 1964)
3/18/64	Unsigned COFO	Report on voting rights in Mississippi to Commission on Civil Rights, MS . August 18 1964. 5 pages
4/64	John Stipp, Knox Coll.	Letter of concrn to Atty. Gen. Kennedy
9/13/64	Rev. Ysutake(?)	Report to Jesse Harris, on use of a church in McComb MS for COFO programs. 6 pages.
1/11/65	JoAnn Ooiman, COFO	Letter to Congressman Schisler re seating of white-only Mississippi congressmen
2/65	Phil & Judy Sharp?	Dear JoAnn & Bill, letter from Canton MS
3/17/65	Dale Catlin, EUBC	Letter to JoAnn Ooiman, Canton MS

8/1/64	Rabbi Soloff, COFO	Arrested in Mississippi, report on his arrest in Canton MS for supporting voter registration. 2 pages.
8/21/64	George Robbins, COFO	Violence in Bolivar and Sunflower Counties, MS. 2 pages.
8/28/64	Rev. Laurel Gray	An Evaluation: the Shaw COFO Project, MS

Bruce Hartford	Selma and Montgomery: 1965-1966 [PDF]
Bruce Hartford	Rural Alabama: 1965-1966 [PDF]
Melvin Todd	The Making of a Child Crusader (Birmingham AL)

CRMA Civil Rights Movement Archive Monthly Newsletter

March 1st, 2026

Table of Contents

Please Donate. With a Little Help From Our Friends, We'll keep on keeping on.