Southern Freedom Movement Web Links
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
NOTICE — This list of web information sources is provided
for research purposes only. Inclusion in this list does not imply any kind of
agreement, approval, or endorsement of a particular website by Civil Rights
Movement Veterans.
~ A ~
Alabama Christian Movement Human Rights (ACMHR)
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights Founded (CRMVets)
Birmingham Campaign (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Birmingham Demonstrations (Alabama Dept. Archives & History)
Fred Shuttlesworth (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (Teachers Domain)
See also
Birmingham Movement 1962-1963
Fred Shuttlesworth
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Alabama Movement
Alabama Governor Wallace Takes Office, 1963 (CRMVets)
Standing In the Schoolhouse Door, 1963 (CRMVets)
Savage Repression in Gadsden AL, 1963 (CRMVets)
Teacher Resources (Alabama Department Archives & History)
See also:
Alabama Christian Movement Human Rights
Alabama vs NAACP
Birmingham Movement 1962-1963
Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO)
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks
Selma Voting Rights Campaign & March to Montgomery
Fred Shuttlesworth
Assasination of Jonathan Daniels
Jimmy Lee Jackson Murdered
Viola Luizzo Murder
Rev. James Reeb Murdered
Alabama Mug Shots
Individuals
Active in Civil Disturbances (The Memory Hole). Mug-shots & dossiers of
Movement activists provided to Alabama cops for targeting civil rights
workers.
Alabama vs NAACP
NAACP banned in Alabama (CRMVets)
NAACP v. ALABAMA, 357 U.S. 449 (1958) (FindLaw)
I Shall Not Be Moved ~ W. C. Patton
Albany, Americus, & SW Georgia Movements 1961-1964
Albany GA, Movement, 1961-1962 (CRMVets)
"Seditious Conspiracy" in Americus GA, 1963 (CRMVets)
Federal "Jury Tampering" Frameup in Albany GA, 1963 (CRMVets)
Albany Civil Rights Movement Institute
The Albany Movement (Autobiography of Martin Luther King)
Mt. Zion Baptist Church (WSO Places ~ NPS)
"My Name Is Freedom Albany, Georgia" (Howard Zinn - Z Magazine)
Harding Arrested at Albany (Mennonite Church Historical Committee)
A Faith Forged in Albany (This Far by Faith - PBS)
My Family The Movement & Me by Cathy Cade
Albany Movement (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Integrating Carnegie Library (Freedom On Film ~ UGA) [Text-Video]
Trailways Lunch Counter Sit-In (Freedom On Film ~ UGA) [Text-Video]
Report From Albany, Ga. (Harvard Crimson)
Civil Rights Protest Era in Americus, GA (The Times-Recorder)
Americus Movement (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Sedition Trial, Americus (CRDL ~ Univ of Georgia)
Americus-Sumter County Movement Remembered.
See also JFK Library
"All Deliberate Speed" Ruling (AKA "Brown II")
With Little Deliberate Speed (African American History!)
With All Deliberate Speed - Lesson Plan (Anti-Defamation League)
With All Deliberate Speed (Library of Congress)
All Deliberate Speed? (Landmark Supreme Court Cases)
See also Brown v. Board of Education 1950-1954
Atlanta Movement
Atlanta Sit-ins, 1960 (CRMVets)
SNCC Meets Kenyan Freedom Fighter in Atlanta, 1963 (CRMVets)
Atlanta Sit-ins & Mass Arrests, 1964 (CRMVets)
Atlanta in the Civil Rights Movement (Atlanta Higher Education)
Atlanta University District (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Voices of Civil Rights Movement in Atlanta (Public Broadcasting Atlanta)
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Heart of Atlanta/Pickrick Trial (CRDL ~ Univ. of Georgia)
~ B ~
Bay Area Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement. (CRMVets)
Ella Baker
Ella Josephine Baker and SNCC (HieroGraphics Online)
Ella Baker As I Knew Her (Casey Hayden - Social Policy)
Ella Baker and the Process of Social Change (Ted Glick - ZNet)
Baltimore & Maryland
Baltimore Sit-ins & Protests (CRMVets)
Northwood Theatre — Baltimore, 1963
Keep on Moving Toward Freedom (Maryland Historical Society)
Desegregation of Maryland's Restaurants (Maryland State Archives)
The Vintage Elm: Freedom Riders (Washington College)
Letters & Reports of Paul Cowan (Harvard Crimson)
See also Cambridge MD Movement
Baton Rouge Bus Boycott
Baton Rouge Bus Boycott (CRMVets)
The Baton Rouge Bus Boycott of 1953 (Louisiana State Univ)
The First Civil Rights Bus Boycott (National Public Radio)
The First Civil Rights Bus Boycott! (African American Registry)
Civil Rights Movement And Violence (Guyana Jounal)
Signpost to Freedom: Baton Rouge Bus Boycott (Louisiana Public Broadcasting)
Baton Rouge Bus Boycott 50th Anniversary (2003)
Birmingham Movement 1962-1963
The Birmingham Campaign, 1963 (CRMVets)
Birmingham Church Bombing, 1963 (CRMVets)
Birmingham Campaign (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
"Letter From a Birmingham Jail" (Martin Luther King) [PDF]
Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
Freedom Now! (Pacifica Radio Archive transcript)
Birmingham (African American History!)
Kelly Ingram Park (WSO Places, NPS)
Birmingham Demonstrations (Alabama Dept. Archives & History)
Birmingham on the Road to Civil Rights (Poynter Institute)
Fred Shuttlesworth (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Audrey Hendricks Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
Joe Dickson Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
Miriam McClendon (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
Birmingham church bombing. ("4 Little Girls" ~ Spike Lee film)
In Memory of Four Little Girls (Student & teacher site)
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing (National Public Radio ~ NPR)
In Memory of Four Little Girls (UseekUfind.com)
Sixteenth Street Baptist Church (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Sixteenth Street Baptist Church (WSO Places - NPS)
Bombing of Sixteenth Street Baptist Church (ADAH)
The FBI and Hoover (Crime Library ~ Court TV)
See also
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
Fred Shuttlesworth
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
JFK Library
Black Power
Black Power (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Cambridge Convergence (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Black Power (SNCC 1960-1966)
"Black Power" Stokely Carmichael speech at U.C. Berkeley
Position Paper: The Basis of Black Power (The '60s Project)
Black Power (Spartacus Educational, UK)
Black Power in the U.S. (Global Mappings)
How Was Black Power Different From CRM? (Learn History - UK)
Black Power (PBS/Encylopedia Britannica)
Black Power (Norman Coombs ~ Black Experience in America)
Bogalusa LA Movement
Civil Rights Struggle (Southeastern Louisiana Univeristy)
By Any Means Necessary (Nation Magazine)
Civil Rights Struggle (Southeastern Louisiana Univ.)
Biography Albert Zekel (Louisiana Department of Social Services) [PDF]
See also:
Louisiana Movement
Deacons for Defense
Julian Bond
Julian Bond (Veterans Roll Call ~ CRMVets)
Julian Bond (Southern Poverty Law Center)
Julian Bond (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Brown v. Board of Education 1950-1954
Brown v Board of Education (CRMVets)
BvBoE Text of Decision (U.S. Supreme Court)
BvBoE History & Background (African American History!)
BvBoE National Historic Site (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Brown v Board of Education (WSO Places ~ NPS)
In Pusuit of Freedom & Equality (Brown Foundation)
Separate Is Not Equal (Smithsonian National Museum of American History)
Federal Records ~ BvVoE (National Archives)
Teaching With Documents Lesson Plan: BvBoE (National Archives)
BvBoE Digital Archive (Univ. Michigan)
Brown v. Board of Education (Landmark Supreme Court Cases)
The Norfolk 17 (Virginia school integration)
Still Separate, Still Unequal:... (Jonathan Kozol ~ Harper's Magazine)
Looking Back at BvBoE 50th Anniversary (National Public Radio)
A Class of One — Interview With Ruby Bridges (Online News Hour - PBS)
"With an Even Hand" BvBoE at 50 (Library of Congress)
See also "All Deliberate Speed" Ruling (AKA "Brown II")
~ C ~
Cambridge MD Movement & Gloria Richardson
Cambridge MD, 1962 (CRMVets)
Cambridge MD, 1963 (CRMVets)
Cambridge MD & the "White Backlash", 1964 (CRMVets)
"If This Town Don't Come Around... (Patrick Jones ~ Univ. Nebraska)
Cambridge Convergence (King Papers Project, Stanford Univ)
Gloria Richardson
Gloria Richardson (Wikipedia)
See also Baltimore & Maryland
Stokely Carmichael see Kwame Ture
Chicago Freedom Movement 40 (Loyola University Chicago)
Chicago Friends of SNCC. Website conference, documentation project, and archive.
Children of the Movement. (Website for book about children of Movement leaders)
Chaney, Schwerner, Goodman Lynching
Lynching of Chaney, Schwerner & Goodman (CRMVets)
Neshoba Murders Case — A Chronology (Arkansas Delta Truth & Justice Center)
The Struggle for Justice (Ben Chaney, American Bar Assoc)
U. S. vs Cecil Price et al. (Famous Trials, Univ Missouri)
Freedom Summer Killings (PBS, Online Newshour)
June 21, 1964: Neshoba County Killings (USM)
Mississippi Burning, 1964 (WhiteHouseTapes.org ~ Univ. Virginia)
Mississippi Burning (High school students help reopen the case)
See also Freedom Summer
Charlotte & Rock Hill Sit-ins
Rock Hill & Charlotte Sit-ins (J. Charles Jones)
Rock Hill SC, "Jail-No-Bail" Sit-ins, 1961 (CRMVets)
Charlottsville VA, Race & Place (Univ. of Virginia)
Citizenship Schools
Citizenship Schools (CRMVets)
Citizenship Schools & Civil Rights Movement (Highlander Center)
Interview with Dorothy Cotton (Center for Democracy & Citizenship) [PDF]
Septima Poinsette Clark (1898-1987) (Sistermentors)
Dorchester Academy (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Bernice Robinson (1914-1994) (National Louis Univ.)
Civil Rights Acts
Brief History of Civil Rights Act (Robert D. Loevy, Colorado College)
Constitutional Law & Civil Rights Movement (Prof Bickel, Stetson Univ.)
Civil Rights Documentation Project (Dirksen Congressional Center)
Civil Rights Act — 1957
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (CRMVets)
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (AfricanAmericans.com)
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (Wikipedia)
Civil Rights Act of 1957 Excerpts. (TeachingAmericanHistory.org)
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (Eisenhower Library)
Civil Rights Act — 1960
Civil Rghts Act of 1960 (CRMVets)
Civil Rights Act of 1960 Excerpts. (TeachingAmericanHistory.org)
Civil Rights Act of 1960 (AfricanAmericans.Com)
Civil Rights Act — 1964
Civil Rights Act Passes in the House (CRMVets)
Civil Rights Act — Battle in the Senate (CRMVets)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (CRMVets)
Civil Rights Act; July 2, 1964 (Yale Law School)
Civil Rights Legislation (King ~ Stanford Univ)
Major Features (& history) of the Act (Dirksen Center)
Legislative History (Dirksen Center)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Wikipedia)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Teaching With Documents, CRA 1964 (U.S. National Archives)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (AfricanAmericans.Com)
Civil Rights an Overview (Cornell Law School)
Civil Rights Filibuster Ended (U.S. Senate)
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Heart of Atlanta/Pickrick Trial (CRDL ~ Univ. of Georgia)
CRA 1964: 40th Anniversary (U.S. Census)
Civil Rights Act 40 Years Later (Center for American Progress)
See also:
JFK Library
LBJ Library
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Civil Rights Legislation (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Introduction to Federal Voting Rights Laws (U.S. Dept. of Justice)
The Prize (WSO Places ~ NPS)
See also:
LBJ Library
Voting Rights
Voting Rights Act Renewal
Civil Rights Act — 1968 (AKA "Fair Housing Act")
Fair Housing Act (EPA)
Fair Housing Laws and Presidential Executive Orders (HUD)
Fair Housing Act (Full text, as amended) (DoJ)
Civil Rights Memorial. (Southern Poverty Law Center) [Note — this wonderful site takes awhile to initially load, so have patience.]
Civil Rights Movement — General, Overviews & Histories
History & Timeline (CRMVets)
Civil Rights Era (African American Odyssey ~ Library of Congress)
Civil Rights in America: ... (National Parks Service) [PDF]
Civil Rights (AfricanaOnline)
Civil Rights (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Civil Rights Movement 1955-1965 (African American History!)
Eyes on the Prize Interviews (Washington Univ.) Transcripts of interviews
Freedom on Film (Univ. of Georgia) [Text-Video]
American Civil Rights Movement [Lesson Plan] (Grade-8) [PDF]
Civil Rights Special Collection (Teachers Domain)
Civil Rights as a People's Movement: An Outline. (American Univ.)
Civil Rights Movement (Black History: Encyclopedia Britannica)
History-628: Civil Rights Movement in the U.S.. (Univ. Wisconsin)
Manuscript Sources for Civil Rights History (Emory Univ. Library)
Let Justice Roll Down: CRM Through Film (Yale Teachers Institute)
SoJust.net (Social justice documents & resource materials)
Teacher Resources (Alabama Department Archives & History)
The Civil Rights Movement (History Now, Issue #8, 2006)
Brief Timeline of Civil Rights Movement (Scott Kaufman ~ UC Irving)
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture (NY Public Library)
Civil Rights Digital Library (Univ. of Georgia)
Civil Rights Movement: Photographic History, [Photos & text]
100 Great Sites to Celebrate Black History Month (Bachelors Degrees Online)
Civil Rights Movement (U.K & U.S.)
See also
We Shall Overcome Historic Places
COINTELPRO see FBI Against the Movement
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
CORE Website
CORE (AfricanaOnline)
CORE Papers, 1959 — 1976 (LexisNexis)
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) (Encyclopedia Britannica)
Congress of Racial Equality (Audio) (Civil Rights Documentation Project ~ USM)
See also
James Farmer
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO)
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) Formed (CRMVets)
Story of COFO Part 1 and
Part 2 (Bay Area Friends of SNCC Newsletter)
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
COFO brochure (Univ. Southern Mississippi Digital Archive)
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) (AfricanaOnline)
See also Mississippi Movement
~ D ~
Vernon Dahmer Murder
Doing Something About Dahmer (Southern Poverty Law Center)
32 Years to Justice (Sandra Peters ~ Response - United Methodist Women)
Former KKK Leader Convicted of 1966 Murder (CNN)
NCC Officials Relieved by Verdict in Mississippi Murder Case (NCC)
Journey to Justice Remembered (Dana Williams ~ Tolerance.org)
See also
Martyrs of the Movement
Assasination of Jonathan Daniels
About Jonathan Daniels (Spirit House Project)
"The Murder of Jonathan Daniels" [video] (Veterans of Hope Project)
Jonathan Daniels (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Civil rights martyr remembered... (Episcopal News Service)
Long Train Runnin' (Rose Marie Berger ~ Sojourners Magazine)
Murder of Jonathan Daniels (WhiteHousetapes.Org ~ Univ. Virginia)
Life of Jonathan Daniels (Student essay ~ Keene NH)
See also
Martyrs of the Movement
Danville VA Movement 1963
Danville VA, Movement (CRMVets)
Danville (Virginia Historical Society)
Interview with Dr. Joyce E. Glaise (Virginia Commonwealth Univ.)
Voices of Freedom Virginia Civil Rights Movement (VCU.)
Mapping Local Knowledge: Danville, Va. (Averett Univ.) [PDF]
Guide to the Danville Case Files (Library of Virginia)
Deacons for Defense
Deacons for Defense and Justice (Africana)
Deacons for Defense & Justice — FBI Files (Paperless Archives)
Deacons for Defense and Justice (Wikipedia)
Deacons for Defense and Justice (FBI ~ FOIA documents)
Henry Austan — Deacons for Defense & Justice (ChickenBones: A Journal)
"Niggers Ain't Gonna Run This Town" (Seth Hague ~ Loyola Univ.)
See also:
Bogalusa Movement
Louisiana Movement
~ E ~
Medgar & Myrlie Evers
Medgar Evers Assassination, 1963 (CRMVets)
Medgar's Funeral & End of Jackson Movement, 1963 (CRMVets)
Jackson, Mississippi by Hunter Bear (John Salter)
Medgar Evers (Africa Within)
Legacy of Medgar Evers (National Public Radio ~ NPR)
Myrlie Evers-Williams (NAACP)
Medgar Evers (NAACP)
Medgar Evers (Univ. Mississippi ~ Mississippi Writers Page)
Myrlie Evers-Williams (Univ. Mississippi ~ Mississippi Writers Page)
Medgar Wiley Evers (Arlington National Cemetary)
Assasination
Medgar Evers Assassination (PBS ~ OnlineNewsHour)
Assassination of Medgar Evers (Civil Rights Documentation Project ~ USM)
See also:
LBJ Library
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
~ F ~
James Farmer
James Farmer (Spartacus Educational - UK)
James Farmer and the Freedom Rides (Teachers Domain) [Text-Video]
James Leonard Farmer Jr. (Presidential Medal of Freedom)
LBJ Library
Fayette County TN Tent City
Tent Cities of Fayette and Haywood Counties (Tenn. State Univ)
Tent City Timeline (Jackson Sun, Jackson TN)
"Tent City" (Jackson Sun, Jackson TN)
Tent City, Fayette & Harwood Cos (Tennessee Encyclopedia of History)
"Tent City," Tennessee (Univ. of Tennessee at Martin)
FBI Against the Movement
FBI's COINTELPRO Targets the Movement (CRMVets)
CoIntelPro Revisited - Federal Bureau of Intimidation (Howard Zinn)
COINTELPRO — The Senate Report (Paul Wolf)
FBI Files on Selma, Montgomery, Albany, & etc. (LexisNexis)
CoIntelPro (What Really Happened website)
FBI's Vendetta Against Martin Luther King (excerpt from The Lawless State)
CRM Unlawful Surveillance, Intimidation, & Harassment (Tracked in America)
COINTELPRO (Wikipedia)
Get Grandpa's FBI File (Obtain files using Freedom of Information Act.)
Federation of Southern Cooperatives
Federation of Southern Cooperatives (home page)
Federation of Southern Cooperatives (Website Campesino)
The FSC: Helping African American Farm Owners (OxFam)
Federation of Southern Cooperatives (@Grass-roots.Org)
Federation of Southern Cooperatives (Sustainable Communities Network) [PDF]
Florida Movements
Photos of CRM in Florida (State Library & Archives of Florida)
See also:
Harry & Harriette Moore Murder
St. Augustine Movement
Tallahassee Bus Boycott
Jim Forman
Jim Forman (In Memory)
SNCC Founder James Forman (African American Registry)
James Forman (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Political Thought of James Forman (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Freedom Ballot — Mississippi
Freedom Ballot in MS (CRMVets)
Freedom Election Campaign (Connie Curry ~ Southern Changes)
Freedom Ballot (SNCC 1960-1966)
Mississippi Freedom Ballot (MFDP) (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
See also:
Mississippi Movement
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
Freedom Rides
Freedom Rides (CRMVets)
Freedom Riders (CRMVets)
Freedom Ride, Recollections of David Fankhauser.
Freedom Rides (African American History!)
May 4, 1961: Freedom Rides (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Freedom Rides (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Freedom Riders Mug Shots (Eric Etheridge)
Breach of Peace Portraits of the 1961 Mississippi Freedom Riders [video]
Freedom Rides (SNCC)
Get on the Bus! Freedom Riders (Oxford Univ. Press)
Jail-no-Bail Comes of Age: Freedom Rides and... (Zoe Greer ~ BAAS)
James Farmer and the Freedom Rides (Teachers Domain) [Text-Video]
Diane Nash Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text-Video]
Freedom Riders: The Children Shall Lead (Univ. Mississippi)
Speech in Support of Freedom Riders (Martin Luther King)
Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, & Demonstrations (Library of Congress)
Freedom rides (Wikipedia)
"..They're Going to Burn Us Up!" (Excerpt from Freedom Riders...)
Civil Rights History (Immigrant Worker Freedom Ride)
Memorializing the Freedom Riders (Southern Spaces)
Freedom Riders 40th Reunion
Traveling Down the Road to Freedom (Stephanie ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
See also JFK Library
Freedom Schools
Freedom Schools (CRMVets)
Freedom School Curriculum 1964 (CRMVets)
Sandra Adickes History Lessons in Hattiesburg
Three Letters From a Freedom School Teacher
Freedom School Curriculum. (Education & Democracy)
Mississippi Freedom Summer & Its 30 Schools (ChickenBones: A Journal)
The McComb Freedom School Play (Univ. Illinois Urbana Champagne)
Mississippi Freedom School Curriculum, (Green Parties world wide)
Freedom Schools (Children's Defense Fund)
Freedom Schools: Concept And Organization (Staughton Lynd ~
historyisaweapon.com
)
San Francisco Freedom School
Freedom Songs
Music of the Civil Rights Movement (Silver Burdett)
The Songs, (Univ. Illinois)
Protest Songs: We Shall Overcome (Lift Every Voice ~ Univ. Virginia)
Music and The Civil Rights Movement (Jerome Camal ~ Washington Univ.)
Building a Vocal Community (Workstations At Maryland Univ)
People Get Ready: Music and the Movement (Brian Ward ~ History Now)
Songs of the Civil Rights Movement (History Now) [Audio]
Music of Social Change (MetaScholar ~ Emory Univ.)
Freedom songs today:
Songs of Freedom and Struggle (People's Music Network)
Freedom Song Network (FSN)
Songs of Freedom (TV show)
See also Poetry
Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer (CRMVets)
Freedom Summer Rememberances (CRMVets)
"Letters From Mississippi," by Elizabeth Sutherland Martinez
Mississippi Freedom Summer (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
SNCC Memorandum (overview & plan) (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
1964: Freedom Summer (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Freedom Summer Recollections Terrie Shaw (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Affidavits of Violence, 1964 (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Freedom Summer (AfricanaOnline)
Freedom Summer: A New Voter Bob Moses (Boston Latin School)
Freedom Summer Killings (PBS, Online Newshour)
Letters From Participants (America Firsthand)
Oh Freedom Over Me (American RadioWorks)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
Three who gave their lives By Les Bayless (People's Weekly World)
Tense Times Jane Adams (Southern Illinois Univ.)
Mississippi Summer 1964 (Gren Whitman ~ Progressive Review)
Mississippi Burning, 1964 (WhiteHouseTapes.Org)
Images of Hate & Hope (Ted Polumbaum photos ~ Newseum)
Mississippi Summer Freedom Project (some letters from)
Robert Moses Archive [photo collection] (Boston Latin School)
Report by a Student Volunteer (Zoya Zeman ~ Scripps College)
Freedom summer 1964: Selected Bibliography (Univ. Tennessee)
Finding Freedom Summer (Miami Univ., Oxford Ohio)
See also Mississippi Movement
See also Freedom Schools
Free Southern Theater
Legacy of the Free Southern Theater ChickenBones: A Journal)
Interview Kalamu ya Salaam (Jordan Green ~ American Poets Interviews)
Junebug Tells All (Jackson Free Press)
Friends of SNCC
Bay Area Friends of SNCC Newsletter (January 1965)
Bay Area Friends of SNCC Newsletter (February 1965)
Bay Area Friends of SNCC Newsletter (March 1965)
See also Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
~ G ~
Georgia Movement
Civil Rights Movement (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Freedom on Film Civil Rights in Georgia (Univ. of Georgia)
Augusta Movement (CRDL ~ Univ of Georgia)
Augusta (Freedom on Film ~ Univ. Georgia)
See also:
Albany, Americus, & SW Georgia Movements
Atlanta Movement
Savannah Movement
Andrew Goodman see Chaney, Schwerner, Goodman Lynching
Greensboro Sit-ins
First Southern Sit-in, Greensboro NC (CRMVets)
International Civil Rights Center and Museum (Greensboro)
Greensboro Sit Ins: Launch of a Movement (Greensboro News-Record)
Sit-Ins (African American History!)
First Sit-in on February 1, 1960 (SNCC 1960-1966)
Bennett College Women & the Sit-ins (John Hatchett)
Sitting for Justice (Smithsonian Museum of American History)
Greensboro Woolworth Building (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Greensboro Voices (Univ. North Carolina) 125 interviews
February One: Story of Greensboro Four ([IndependentLens PBS)
Beginning: Students Sit-In in Greensboro (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, & Demonstrations (Library of Congress)
Greensboro sit-ins (Wikipedia)
See also North Carolina Movement
Greenwood MS, Movement
Mississippi Voter Registration — Greenwood, 1962 (CRMVets)
Greenwood Food Blockade, 1962 (CRMVets)
Marching For Freedom in Greenwood, 1963 (CRMVets)
"Crawl Space" (Boston Latin School)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
Grenada MS, Movement (1967)
Grenada MS, Movement (CRMVets)
~ H ~
Fannie Lou Hamer (1917-1977)
Oral History — Fannie Lou Hamer Transcript (Univ Southern Miss)
Fannie Lou Townsend Hamer (ROAR International)
The Hamer Institute
Fannie Lou Hamer. Web biography.
Fannie Lou Hamer (Woman A Week Archives)
Fannie Lou Hamer — Rugged Road to Freedom (One Woman Show)
Long Road to Freedom — A Play (Scholastic)
Who is Fannie Lou Hamer? (PageWise)
Fannie Lou Hamer Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text-Video]
Testimony - Democratic National Convention (American RadioWorks)
Testimony at Democratic Convention — 1964 (Voices of Freedom)
Fannie Lou Hamer (Africa Within)
Hamer Cultural Center Ruleville, MS
Sick and Tired of Being Sick and Tired (YouTube video by high school students)
Fannie Lou Hamer ... (Democratic Central blog)
Hattiesburg MS, Movement
Freedom Day in Hattiesburg (CRMVets)
"Crawl Space" (Boston Latin School)
Vernon Dahmer Collection (Univ of Southern Mississippi)
Victoria Gray Adams Collection (Univ of Southern Mississippi)
Oral History, Raylawni Branch (Univ of Southern Mississippi)
Freedom Summer Recollections Terrie Shaw (Univ of Southern Mississippi)
Freedom Summer Journal Sandra Adickes (Univ of Southern Mississippi)
Hattiesburg, Historic Civil Rights Sites (Univ of Southern Mississippi)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
Feds Charge Mississippi Man With Civil Rights-era Murder (CNN June 2000)
See also Mississippi Movement
Highlander Center
Highlander Center (Highlander Center website)
Highlander Research and Education Center (Wikipedia)
Highlander Research and Education Center (grass-roots.org)
Highlander Research and Education Center (SCN) [PDF]
Dorothy Height see Wednesdays in Mississippi & Dorothy Height
~ I ~
~ J ~
Jimmy Lee Jackson Murdered
Jimmy Lee Jackson (Spartacus Educational - UK)
See also:
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
Jackson Movement MS
Tougaloo Nine and Jackson State Protest, 1961 (CRMVets)
Jackson MS, Boycotts, 1962 (CRMVets)
Jackson Sit-in & Protests, 1963 (CRMVets)
Medgar's Funeral & End of Jackson Movement, 1963 (CRMVets)
Jackson, Mississippi by Hunter Bear (John Salter)
Interview ~ Hunter Bear (John Salter)
Oral history Interviewee: Percy Chapman (MS Historical Society)
Oral history Interviewee: Hillman Frazier (MS Historical Society)
Oral history Interviewee: Lucille Green (MS Historical Society)
Oral history Interviewee: Hezekiah Watkins (MS Historical Society)
When Youth Protest: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement (MS Historical Society)
Jews & the Civil Rights Movement
Jews, Religion, & the Movement (A Discussion)
Jewish involvement in the Civil Rights movement (MyJewishLearning.com)
Civil Rights (Religious Action Center ~ Reform Judaism)
Going South... (Review) (Journal of Southern Religion)
Going South... (Essay) (Jewish Heritage Foundation of North Carolina)
Vernon Johns
Vernon Johns, Life and Times (Vernon Johns Society)
Vernon Johns Papers Project. (Ralph Luker)
~ K ~
Clyde Kennard Frameup
Clyde Kennard Framed and Jailed in MS (CRMVets)
Clyde Kennard (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Clyde Kennard (Wikipedia)
Clyde Kennard (ROAR International)
Reflection from Dr Joyce Ladner (Marxism email list)
Justice for Clyde Kennard (Barry Bradford)
Martin Luther King (1929-1968)
MLK Overviews & Biographies
All About Martin Luther King (Enchanted Learning) (Students K-12)
DrMartinLutherKingJr.com
Martin Luther King Biography (Nobel Prize Museum)
Tribute to Martin Luther King (Long Island Univ)
Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. (Presidential Medal of Freedom)
Martin Luther King (U.S. Dept. of State)
MLK and the CRM in America (British Assoc. for American Studies)
Tribute to Dr. Martin Luther King (Long Island Univ.)
MKL Academic & Historic Centers
King Center, Atlanta GA
M.L. King Research & Education Institute (Stanford Univ)
Morehouse King Collection (Morehouse College)
MLK National Historic Site (WSO Places ~ NPS)
MLK Web a Teacher's Guide (Cafe Progressive)
Martin Luther King National Memorial Project.
MLK Awarded Nobel Prize
Award (Nobel Prize Museum)
King's Acceptance Speech (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ) [PDF]
Opposes Vietnam War
"Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence", Riverside Church, (1967) [PDF]
Audio Excerpts from MLK's Vietnam War speech (BenFrank.net)
"Casualties of the War in Vietnam" MLK Speech. (YONIP)
MLK and Iraq (J. William Youngs ~ Common Dreams)
MLK Assasination in Memphis
National Civil Rights Museum.
The Martin Luther King Assasination (Real History Archives)
Civil Suit Backs Conspiracy Theory in King Death (CNN)
Chapter 1: I Am a Man (Killing the Dream)
An Act of State: The Execution of MLK. (William F. Pepper)
Assassination of MLK Was An Act of State (Book review)
Court Documents - MLK & Sanitation Workers (National Archives)
Assassination of Dr. King (Africa Within)
Lorrain Hotel (WSO Places ~ NPS)
After Three Decades, Another Verdict (James Douglass)
The MLK Assasination (Museum of Broadcast Communications)
A Shot Rings Out in the Memphis Sky (Neda ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
See also:
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
JFK Library
MLK Speeches
Landmark Speeches of Martin Luther King (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Martin Luther King Speeches (MLK Online)
"Birth of a New Nation" Montgomery (1957)
"Letter from Birmingham Jail" (1963) [PDF]
"I Have a Dream" speech, March on Washington (1963)
"A Call to Conscience" Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech, Oslo (1964)
"Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence", Riverside Church, (1967) [PDF]
"I Have Been to the Mountain Top", Memphis (last speech) (1967)
Legacy and Analysis of Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King You Don't See On TV (Media Beat ~ FAIR)
Myths of Martin Luther King (Marcus Epstein)
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Ku Klux Klan (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Ku Klux Klan (Anti-Defamation League ~ ADL)
Ku Klux Klan (Wikipedia)
FBI Research Reports on Ku Klux Klan (The Memory Hole)
See also White Citizens Council
~ L ~
Legal Organizations
National Lawyers Guild
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (AKA the "Inc Fund")
Lawyer's Constitutional Defense Committee (LCDC) (1964-1976)
Reliving Volunteer Work in the South (LCDC) (New York Times)
Law Students Civil Rights Research Council (LSCRRC) (Princeton Univ.)
Law Students Civil Rights Research Council (Campbell Univ.)
Herbert Lee Murder
Herbert Lee (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Amite County (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Work of the Civil Rights Division (John Doar FSU Law Review)
Oh Freedom Over Me (Page 4) (American RadioWorks)
See also:
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
John Lewis
John Lewis (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Statement re MFDP (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Congressman John Lewis (U.S. House of Representatives)
Little Rock School Desegregation
The Little Rock Nine (CRMVets)
Bates, Daisy Lee Gatson (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
School Integration in Little Rock, Arkansas (African American History!)
Little Rock (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Women and Jim Crow: Arkansas (History of Jim Crow)
Time Line: The Stage is Set (Arkansas Online)
On the Front Lines With the Little Rock Nine (PBSKids)
Crises in Little Rock (American RadioWorks)
"All the World is Watching Us" (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Crisis in Little Rock (Center for Technology and Teacher Education)
Melba Pattillo Beals (Scholastic)
Little Rock School Integration Crisis (Eisenhower Presidential Library)
Melba Pattillo Beals Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
History of Little Rock Public Schools Desegregation (40th Anniversary)
Warriors Don't Cry: (Rethinking Schools Online)
Little Rock 40 Years Later (New York Times)
Opening Doors and Minds (PBS Newshour)
2, 4, 6, 8: I Think You Best Desegregate! (Jennifer ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Viola Liuzzo Murder
Day Viola Liuzzo Died (Africanaonline)
Viola Liuzzo (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Viola Liuzzo (Unitarian Universalists)
Martyrs of the Movement
Louisiana Movement
Baton Rouge Sit-ins & Student Strike, 1960 (CRMVets)
Baton Rouge Student Protests, 1961 (CRMVets)
"Criminal Anarchy" in Louisiana, 1962 (CRMVets)
Man-Hunt in Plaquemine LA, 1963 (CRMVets)
A House Divided Teaching Guide (SIER ~ Tulane Univ.)
See also:
Baton Rouge Bus Boycott
Bogalusa LA Movement
Deacons for Defense
New Orleans Movement & School Desegregation
Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO)
Lowndes County Freedom Organization (Univ. Alabama)
Autherine Lucy vs University of Alabama
Authurine Lucy (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Autherine Lucy and the University of Alabama (Library of Congress)
Autherine Lucy (Wikipedia)
Autherine Lucy Foster Returns... (Tai Hicks ~ Univ. Alabama)
~ M ~
Malcolm X
Brother Malcolm
Official Web Site of Malcom X
Chapter 25: Malcolm X Autobiography of Martin Luther King
Malcolm X Quotations (Africa Within)
Malcolm X: "The Ballot or the Bullet" [Transcript] (American Rhetoric)
How New York Times Distorted Malcolm on Self-Defense (Walter Lippmann)
Malcolm X: Black Nationalism (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
Sonia Sanchez: The Meaning of Malcolm X (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
March on Washington 1963
March on Washington for Jobs & Freedom (CRMVets)
Remembrances of participants (CRMVets)
March on Washington (African American History!)
"We Stood on a Height" Pictures & history of the march. (Abbeville Press)
Chapter 20: March on Washington Autobiography of Martin Luther King
March on Washington (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
March on Washington (Spartacus Educational)
March on Washington (CORE)
1963 March on Washington [Audio] (WGBH Boston)
March on Washington (SNCC 1960-1966)
March On Washington (Bergie Lustig - march participant)
Program at the Lincoln Memorial
Speech of John Lewis
"I Have a Dream", speech by Martin Luther King
Can Dreams Come True? (Neda ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Commemoration of the March on Washington (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Remembering & Honoring the March (Congresswoman Eddie Johnson)
See also JFK Library
March to Montgomery see Selma Voting Rights Campaign
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives For Freedom
Maryland Movement see Baltimore & Maryland
Ruby McCollum Murder Trial
Murder Trial of Ruby McCollum (CRMVets)
Paramour Rights & Reparation Issues (C. Arthur Ellis, Black Commentator)
Case of Ruby McCollum (Time Magazine, Oct. 25, 1954)
McComb MS Movement
Voter Registration & Direct-Action in McComb MS (CRMVets)
"The Crawl Space" (Boston Latin School)
McComb, Mississippi [Background to play] (Univ. Illinois)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
Amite County (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Robert Moses (Spartacus Educational)
Civil Rights In Mississippi Digital Archive (Univ. Southern Miss.):
Oral history of Mr. Nathaniel H. Lewis
Response to the 13th and 14th bombings in McComb
Memo, Betty Garman to friends of SNCC
McComb Incident Summary, June-September 1964
C.C. Bryant, Veteran of the Civil Rights Movement (C.C. Bryant Project)
Work of the Civil Rights Division (John Doar FSU Law Review)
Freedom Song (Film) (Turner Le@rning - TNT):
[study guide] for Freedom Song (Turner Le@rning - TNT)
Media Coverage of the Movement
Reporting Civil Rights (Library of America)
TV News of Civil Rights Era (Univ. Virginia)
The MLK Assasination (Museum of Broadcast Communications)
Mississippi, Memory, and Movement (Jump Cut)
Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR)
MCHR & Manual for Volunteers (CRMVets)
Dr. Martha Davis (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
March on Washington, 1963 (PMC ~ National Institutes of Health)
John Dittmer on MCHR in Mississippi 1964-66 (Center for Study of the American South ~ UNC)
Memphis Garbage Workers Strike
At the River I Stand (California Newsreel)
I AM A MAN (Reuther Library)
Chapter 1: I Am a Man (Killing the Dream)
Memphis: We Remember. (AFSCME)
Memphis Sanitation Strike (AFT)
Court Documents - MLK & Sanitation Workers (National Archives)
Images of the Struggle (Univ. Memphis)
A Shot Rings Out in the Memphis Sky (Neda ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Meredith Desegregates 'Ole Miss, 1962
James Meredith Desegregates Ole Miss (CRMVets)
James Meredith (Wikipedia)
James Meredith (Spartacus Educational)
James Meredith's Admission to Ole Mississippi (African-American History)
Legal Case Digest (Stetson Univ. College of Law) [PDF]
Mississippi race riots over first black student (BBC)
Integrating Ole Miss (JFK Library)
Ole Miss, 40 Years Later (National Public Radio ~ NPR)
Mississippi and Meredith Remember (CNN ~ 2002)
Meredith Mississippi March Against Fear, 1966
Black civil rights activist shot (BBC)
Meredith March (Spartacus Educational, UK)
Meredith Mississippi (by Jo Freeman)
Mississippi Primaries: the Aftermath(MFDP report, USM)
Remembering the Meredith March (Ray Goldstein)
When Youth Protest... (Mississippi Historical Society)
Military, Desegregation of
Committee Against Jim Crow in the Military (PBS) [PDF]
Integration of Armed Forces (U.S. Army)
President Harry Truman Wipes Out Military Segregation (Library of Congress)
Miscegenation Laws Overturned
Miscegenation (FreeDictionary.com)
Miscegenation Laws in the United States (Organization American Historians)
Loving v. Virginia (U.S. Supreme Court)
Unforgivable Blackness (For Teachers ~ PBS)
Alabama Miscegenation Law Repealed in 2001 (Salon.Com)
See also:
Segregation — the "Jim Crow" System
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) Founded (CRMVets)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Mississippi Freedom Ballot (MFDP) (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (King Research Institute ~ Stanford University)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) (SNCC 1960-1966)
Freedom Ballot (SNCC 1960-1966)
SNCC & MFDP (ROAR International)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (Fact Index)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (AfricanaOnline)
Who is Fannie Lou Hamer? (PageWise)
Fighting For the Soul of the Democratic Party (John Dittmer ~ Yes!)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
Fannie Lou Hamer ... (Democratic Central blog)
MFDP: A Case Stude of Grass-Roots Politics (Leslie B. McLemore ~ Dissertation, UMass, Amherst)
Mississippi Movement
Oh Freedom Over Me (American RadioWorks)
Mississippi Freedom Summer (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Veterans of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
Bob Moses - Civil Rights (Boston Latin School)
Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Affidavits of Violence, 1964 (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Voter Registration Laws in Mississippi (Freedom School Curriculum)
The Mississippi Power Structure (Freedom School Curriculum)
Standing on My Sisters' Shoulders (Film) Women in the Movement.
ROAR (ROAR International)
Freedom Now! Archival project of Tougaloo College and Brown Univ..
Mississippi Civil Rights & Delta Blues Bookstore
Fighting For the Soul of the Democratic Party (John Dittmer ~ Yes!)
Work of the Civil Rights Division (John Doar FSU Law Review)
Voter Intimidation & 1964 Election (WhiteHousetapes.Org ~ Univ. Virginia)
JFK Library
See also:
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO)
Medgar Evers
Freedom Schools
Freedom Summer
Greenwood Movement
Grenada Movement
Fannie Lou Hamer
Hattiesburg Movement
Jackson Movement
Clyde Kennard Frameup
McComb Movement
Meredith Desegregation of 'Ole Miss
Meredith Mississippi March Against Fear
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission
Bob Moses
Voting Rights
Wednesdays in Mississippi
Chaney, Schwerner, Goodman Assasination
Herbert Lee Murder
Emmett Till Murder
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission Online Archives (MS Archives & Library)
Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission (Mississippi Historic Society)
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission Files Opened (Refuse & Resist)
The Struggle for Justice (by Ben Chaney, American Bar Assoc)
Notes on the Tangled MSC Legal Case (Hunter Bear ~ NAACP & SCEF)
Berkeley Free Speech Movement & the MSC (by Jo Freeman ~ SCLC)
Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955-1956
Montgomery Bus Boycott (CRMVets)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Montgomery Movement Begins (Autobiography of Martin Luther King)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (African American History!)
They Changed the World (Montgomery Advertiser)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (Alabama Department of Archives & History)
Lesson 1: Taking a Stand (Alabama Department of Archives & History)
Dexter Avenue Baptist Church (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Dexter Avenue Church Pastorium (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (Reniqua Allen)
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery bus boycott (Academy of Achievement)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (AfricanaOnline)
Fightin' with Her Feet (Stephanie ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Montgomery, March to see Selma Voting Rights Campaign
Harry & Harriette Moore
Murder of Harry & Harriette Moore (CRMVets)
In Memory: Harry & Harriette Moore
Harry Moore (Spartacus Educational - UK)
Most Hated Black Man in Florida... (Jim Crow Museum ~ Ferris State Univ.)
Legacy of Harry T. Moore (PBS)
Life of Harry Tyson Moore
"Who Was Harry T. Moore? (Michael Browning, Palm Beach Post)
In Memory: Harry & Harriette Moore
Harry & Harriette Moore Memorial Website
Bob Moses
Bob Moses - Civil Rights (Boston Latin School)
The Civil Rights Work of Bob Moses (Lesson Plan) (NOW - PBS)
Robert Moses (Spartacus Educational)
Robert Moses Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
Monroe NC Movement see Robert F. Williams...
The Movement Friends of SNCC Newspaper 1965-70 (Farmworkers) [PDF]
Movement Veterans — Personal Websites
Music of the Movement see Freedom Songs
~ N ~
Diane Nash
Daring of Nonviolence — Diane Nash (Common Dreams Newsletter)
Unsung Heroine of the Movement (Every Church a Peace Church)
An Ongoing Legacy of Resistance (Madison Times)
Diane Nash Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text-Video]
Nashville Student Movement
Nashville Student Movement (CRMVets)
Nashville Sit-Ins (Linda Wynn, Tennessee State Univ.)
Civil Rights Movement in Nashville (Nashville Public Library)
Diane Nash, Unsung Heroine (Every Church a Peace Church)
Nashville sit-ins (Wikipedia)
Nashville — We Were Warriors (A Force More Powerful ~ Film)
Diane Nash Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text-Video]
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
NAACP (NAACP website)
Crises Online (NAACP magazine)
National Association for Advancement of Colored People (Wikipedia)
NAACP (AfricaOnline)
NAACP (Spartacus Educational - UK)
NAACP (Rise & Fall of Jim Crow ~ PBS)
NAACP Legal Defense & Education Fund ("Ink Fund")
New Orleans Movement & School Desegregation
New Orleans Merchant Boycotts & Sit-ins, 1960 (CRMVets)
New Orleans School Desgregation, 1960 (CRMVets)
Freedom March in New Orleans, 1963 (CRMVets)
A House Divided Teaching Guide (SIER ~ Tulane Univ)
A Class of One — Interview With Ruby Bridges (Online News Hour - PBS)
The Education of Ruby Nell (by Ruby Bridges)
Ruby Bridges (Wikipedia)
Nonviolent Resistance
Civil Rights Movement And Violence (Guyana Jounal)
Interview with Malcolm X (Hartford Web Publishing)
Nonviolent Resistance articles (Bruce Hartford)
Daring Nonviolence - Diane Nash (Common Dreams)
Non-violent Resistance (Spartacus Educational, UK)
Nonviolent Resistance (Wikipedia) Overview and history
On Violence and Nonviolence: The CRM in Mississippi (MS Hist. Soc.)
SNCC & Non-Violence (SNCC 1960-1966)
We Shall Overcome (American Studies Online ~ UK)
Philosophies & Strategies — Non-Violence & Black Power (HistoryOrb.com)
Why Non-Violence Waned & Black Power Gained (HistoryOrb.com)
Non-Violent Resistance in Today's World
A Force More Powerful (film, book, game, resources)
American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)
Common Peace, The Center for the Advancement of Nonviolence
Albert Einstein Institution
Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)
M.K. Gandhi Institute for Nonviolence
Institute for Study and Practice of Nonviolence
International Center on Nonviolent Conflict
A.J. Muste Memorial Institute
Nonviolence (Gene Sharp)
Nonviolence International
Nonviolence.org Web portal for nonviolence
Nonviolence Training Project (Australia)
Nonviolence Works
Pace e Bene Nonviolence Service
Peace Brigades International (PBI)
Resource Center for Nonviolence.
Training for Change
War Resisters League
North Carolina Movement
Durham Civil Rights Heritage (Durham Library)
Greensboro History (International Center for Transitional Justice)
Tear Down These Walls: 1954-1980 (NC Museum of History)
Black-Belt Thunder: North Carolina & SCEF (Hunter Bear)
See also Greensboro Sit-ins
~ O ~
Oral Histories
List of Oral Histories collected by Shiela Michaels
Who Speaks for the Negro? (Vanderbilt Univ.). Audio interviews.
Oral History Bibliography (Civil Rights Documentation Project)
Mississippi Civil Rights Oral History Bibliography (USM)
Southern Oral History Project (Univerity North Carolina-Chapel Hill)
LBJ Library
Oral History — Fannie Lou Hamer Transcript (Univ Southern Miss)
See also Our Stories
Orangeburg SC Movement & Orangeburg Massacre of 1968
Student Protests & Boycotts — Orangeburg, SC, 1956 (CRMVets)
Mass Arrest of Student Protesters, Orangeburg, SC., 1960 (CRMVets)
Orangeburg SC, Freedom Movement, 1963 (CRMVets)
Civil Rights in Orangeburg County (Steven Davis ~ Univ. of SC) [PDF]
Orangeburg: Behind the Carolina Stockade (Tom Gaither ~ CORE)
Orangeburg Massacre (Search African-American History)
Orangeburg Massacre (Washington State Univ.)
Orangeburg Sympathy Protest (Durham Civil Rights Heritage Project)
SC State College (WSO Places ~ NPS)
All Star Bowling - Orangeburg Massacre (WSO Places ~ NPS)
Orangeburg Massacre (book review)
Orangeburg Massacre Aanniversary (CNN)
~ P ~
Rosa Parks
Freedom Hero: Rosa Parks (Francisca Stewart, 4th Grade)
Rosa Parks (AfricanaOnline)
Rosa Parks (Time 100, Times Magazine)
Rosa Parks "How I Fought for Civil Rights" (Scholastic) (Grades 7-8)
Rosa Parks: Pioneer of Civil Rights (Academy of Achievement)
Rosa Parks, Mother of the CRM (Girl Power! ~ U.S. Dept HHS) (Ages 9-13)
Rosa Parks: Woman Who Changed a Nation (grandtimes.com)
Why do you push us around? (Library of Congress)
How One Person Made a Difference (National Network for Child Care)
Rosa Parks Interview (Teachers Domain) [Text+Video]
Lemuel Penn Murder
Lemuel Penn (Arlington National Cemetary)
Lemuel Penn Murdered Near Athens in 1964 (Another Voice From Oconee County)
Remembrance for Lemuel Penn (Madison County GA Journal)
See also:
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
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