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Southern Freedom Movement Web Links
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
NOTICE — This list of web information sources is provided
for research purposes only. Inclusion in this list does not imply any kind of
agreement, approval, or endorsement of a particular website by Civil Rights
Movement Veterans.
~ A ~
Agriculture Stabilization & Conservation Service (ASCS) Elections
ASCS Elections — A Struggle for Economic Survival, 1964 (CRMVet)
ASCS Election Campaigns, 1965 (CRMVet)
Alabama ASCS Elections, 1966 — The Struggle Continues (CRMVet)
From Co-Ops to Pigford (CRMVet)
Dr. King, the Farmers Will Tell You..., (Don Jelinek)
Sumter County Blues (FSC-LAF)
ASCS - Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service (Civil Rights Digital Library)
See also Pigford v Glickman
"Black Farmers Case"
Alabama Christian Movement Human Rights (ACMHR)
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights Founded (CRMVet)
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Birmingham Campaign (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Lesson Plan: The Children's crusade ... (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (Encyclopedia of Alabama)
African-Americans in Birmingham, Protest ... 1956-58 (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
African Americans Campaign ... 1963 (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
See also sections covering:
Birmingham Movement
Fred Shuttlesworth
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Alabama Freedom Movements
Alabama Governor Wallace Takes Office, 1963 (CRMVet)
The Mailman's March (Murder of William Moore) (CRMVet)
Standing In the Schoolhouse Door, 1963 (CRMVet)
Savage Repression in Gadsden AL, 1963 (CRMVet)
Repression and Resistance in Tuscaloosa, 1964 (CRMVet)
Alabama ASCS Elections, 1966 — The Struggle Continues (CRMVet)
SNCC Organizing Presence in Alabama: A Partial Timeline, (Gwen Patton)
Modern Civil Rights Movement in Alabama (Encyclopedia of Alabama)
Civil Rights Movement Unit (Teacher Resources ~ ADAH)
SPLC Civil Rights Memorial (Southern Poverty Law Center)
Stokely Carmichael (Spartacus Educational ~ UK)
Unseen. Unforgotten (Birmingham News)
African-Americans in Birmingham, Protest ... 1956-58 (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
African Americans Campaign ... 1963 (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Alabama: Focus on Civil Rights (Univ. Alabama)
See also individual sections covering:
Alabama Christian Movement Human Rights
Birmingham Movement
Assasination of Jonathan Daniels
Freedom Rides, 1961
Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO)
Jimmy Lee Jackson Murdered
Autherine Lucy vs University of Alabama
Viola Luizzo Murder
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks
Selma Voting Rights Campaign & March to Montgomery
Fred Shuttlesworth
Tuskegee Merchant Boycott
Albany, Americus, & SW Georgia Freedom Movements 1961-1964
Albany GA, Movement, 1961-1962 (CRMVet)
"Seditious Conspiracy" in Americus GA, 1963 (CRMVet)
Federal "Jury Tampering" Frameup in Albany GA, 1963 (CRMVet)
Integrating Americus High School (CRMVet)
Albany, Georgia, Vincent Harding & Staughton Lynd. Crises, 1963.
The Bloody Battleground of Albany (Slater King ~ Freedomways, 1964)
Gambler's Choice in Georgia (C.B. King campaign), Peter de Lissovoy. Nation
My Family The Movement & Me by Cathy Cade
Report From Albany, Ga. (Harvard Crimson)
Report From Albany (Harvard Crimson)
Albany Civil Rights Movement Institute
Americus-Sumter County Movement Remembered Committee (ASCMRC)
Albany Movement (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Albany Movement (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Rev. R.L. Freeman (Koinonia Remembered ~ Koinonia Partners)
The Albany Movement ... (1961-62) (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Peace Campaigners Work for Civil Rights ... (1963) (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Mt. Zion Baptist Church (National Park Service)
A Faith Forged in Albany (This Far by Faith - PBS)
Integrating Carnegie Library [Albany] (Freedom On Film ~ UGA)
Evening March and Prayer Vigil [Americus] (Freedom On Film ~ UGA)
Integrating First Methodist Church [Americus] (Freedom On Film ~ UGA)
Trailways Lunch Counter Sit-In (Freedom On Film ~ UGA) [Text-Video]
Albany Movement (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
William G. Anderson (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Americus Movement (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Civil Rights Protest Era in Americus, GA (The Times-Recorder)
Of Many Thing (Karen Smith ~ America)
Local Black History Chronology (Alan Anderson ~ sumtercountyhistory.com)
Stolen girls: ... (Donna M. Owens ~ Cocoa Lounge)
Perverted Justice (Harvard Crimson)
Americus-Sumter County Movement (FaceBook page)
See also JFK Library
"All Deliberate Speed" Ruling (AKA "Brown II") see School Desegregation
Arkansas Freedom Movements
Civil Rights Movement in 1960s Arkansas (C-SPAN)
Civil Rights Movement (Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture)
See also Little Rock School Desegregation
Art Depicting the Freedom Movement See Freedom Movement Related Art
Atlanta Movement
Atlanta Sit-ins, 1960 (CRMVet)
SNCC Meets Kenyan Freedom Fighter in Atlanta, 1963 (CRMVet)
Atlanta Sit-ins & Mass Arrests, 1964 (CRMVet)
Atlanta in the Civil Rights Movement (Atlanta Higher Education)
Atlanta University District (National Park Service)
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Sit-ins: Atlanta, Ga. (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Heart of Atlanta/Pickrick trial (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Atlanta in the Civil Rights Movement (American Historical Association)
Atlanta Students Sit-in ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
~ B ~
Baltimore & Maryland
Baltimore Sit-ins & Protests (CRMVet)
Northwood Theatre — Baltimore, 1963 (CRMVet)
The Vintage Elm: Freedom Riders (Washington College)
Letters & Reports of Paul Cowan (Harvard Crimson)
CORE's Route 40 Project: ... (1961) (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
See also Cambridge MD Movement
Ella Baker
Who Was Ella Baker? (Ella Baker Center for Human Rights)
Ella Baker (SNCC 1960-1966)
Ella Baker (Americans Who Tell the Truth)
Ella Baker 1903-1986 (North Carolina History Project)
Baton Rouge Bus Boycott
Baton Rouge Bus Boycott (CRMVet)
The First Civil Rights Bus Boycott (National Public Radio)
The First Civil Rights Bus Boycott! (African American Registry)
Civil Rights Movement And Violence (Guyana Jounal)
Baton Rouge Bus Boycott of 1953 (Louisiana State Univ.)
Louisiana Bus Boycott Marks Its Page in Civil Rights History (L.A.Times)
African American Passengers Boycott ... (GNAD)
Bus Boycotts Timeline (Jackson Sun)
Bay Area Veterans of the Civil Rights Movement. (CRMVet)
Birmingham Movement 1956-1966
The Birmingham Campaign, 1963 (CRMVet)
Birmingham Church Bombing, 1963 (CRMVet)
Birmingham Shall be Free Some Day, Fred Shuttlesworth. Freedomways, Winter 1964.
The Meaning of Birmingham, Bayard Rustin. Liberation
Test for Nonviolence — Birmingham, Stephen Rose. Christian Century, May 14, 1963.
Guilty Bystanders (Birmingham Church Bombing), James Farmer. Liberation
Birmingham Campaign (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Lesson Plan: The Children's crusade ... (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Birmingham Civil Rights Institute
Kelly Ingram Park (WSO Places, NPS)
Birmingham Demonstrations (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Freedom Now! (Pacifica Radio Archive transcript)
Test for Nonviolence — Birmingham, Stephen Rose. Christian Century
Birmingham (African American History!)
Birmingham Desegregation Campaign (Amistad Digital Resource)
African-Americans in Birmingham, Protest ... 1956-58 (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
African Americans Campaign ... 1963 (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
JFK Library
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing (National Public Radio ~ NPR)
Sixteenth Street Baptist Church (WSO Places - NPS)
Birmingham Bombing...) (Civil Rights Digital Library)
See also sections covering:
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
Fred Shuttlesworth
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Black Power
Black Power (Multiple articles)
Black Power (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Black Power (SNCC 1960-1966)
"Black Power" Stokely Carmichael speech at U.C. Berkeley
Position Paper: The Basis of Black Power (The '60s Project)
How Stokely Carmichael Betrayed the Movement (Eric Etheridge/James Lawson)
Black Power (Amistad Digital Resource ~ Columbia University)
Bogalusa LA Movement
Confronting the Klan in Bogalusa With Nonviolence & Self-Defense, 1965 (CRMVet)
Bogalusa to Baton Rouge March, 1967(CRMVet)
Civil Rights Struggle (Southeastern Louisiana Univeristy)
By Any Means Necessary (Nation Magazine)
"Niggers Ain't Gonna Run This Town" (Seth Hague ~ Loyola Univ.)
Bogalusa Negro Community vs. Crown Colony (Calisphere ~ U.C. Berkeley))
Klan Murder Shines Light on Bogalusa, La. (Larry Keller ~ Southern Poverty Law Center)
See also sections covering:
Louisiana Movement
Deacons for Defense
Julian Bond
Julian Bond (Veterans Roll Call ~ CRMVet)
Julian Bond (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Julian Bond (SNCC 1960-1966)
Brown v. Board of Education see School Desegregation
~ C ~
Cambridge MD Movement & Gloria Richardson
Cambridge MD, 1962 (CRMVet)
Cambridge MD, 1963 (CRMVet)
Cambridge MD & the "White Backlash", 1964 (CRMVet)
Focus on Cambridge (Gloria Richardson ~ Freedomways, 1964)
"If This Town Don't Come Around... (Patrick Jones ~ Univ. Nebraska)
Gloria Richardson
Cambridge, MD, Cctivists Campaign ... (1962-1963) (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Cambridge CONVERGENCE: ... (Clayborne Carson ~ King Institute)
Maryland Town Recalls Racial Unrest in 1967 (Jacki Lyden ~ NPR)
See also Baltimore & Maryland
Stokely Carmichael see Kwame Ture
Chaney, Schwerner, Goodman Lynching
Lynching of Chaney, Schwerner & Goodman (CRMVet)
Neshoba Murders Case — A Chronology, Arkansas Delta Truth and Justice Center.
An Address by Mrs. Fannie Lee Chaney of Meridian, Mississippi (Freedomways.)
U. S. vs Cecil Price et al. (Famous Trials, Univ Missouri)
Mississippi Burning, 1964 (WhiteHouseTapes.org ~ Univ. Virginia)
See also Freedom Summer
Charlotte & Rock Hill Sit-ins
Rock Hill & Charlotte Sit-ins (J. Charles Jones)
Rock Hill SC, "Jail-No-Bail" Sit-ins, 1961 (CRMVet)
Charlottsville VA, Race & Place (Univ. of Virginia)
Rock Hill, SC, Students Sit-in for Civil Rights (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
University Students Campaign for ... Charlotte, NC (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Chicago Freedom Movement (CFM)
Chicago Freedom Movement (Middlebury Blog Network) )
A Closer Look at the 1966 Chicago Freedom Movement (PRRAC)
Assessing the Chicago Freedom Movement," James Ralph (PRRAC)
End-the-Slums Movement, Bernard LaFayette (PRRAC)
Sundown Towns, James Loewen (PRRAC)
Coordinating Council of Community Organizations (E-Encyclopedia Chicago)
Chicago activists challenge segregation (NVAD ~ Swathmore Coll.)
The Gautreaux Lawsuit (BPI)
Gautreaux Housing Case Lawyer Calls for End to Black Ghettos (LCCHR)
The Houses that Gautreaux Build (University of Chicago Magazine)
Children of the Movement. (Website for book about children of Movement leaders)
Citizenship Schools
Citizenship Schools (CRMVet)
Citizenship and Liberation (Septima Clark ~ Freedomways)
Septima Poinsette Clark (1898-1987) (Sistermentors)
Dorchester Academy (National Park Service)
Civil Rights Acts
See also:
JFK Library
LBJ Library
Civil Rights Act — 1957
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (CRMVet)
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Civil Rights Act of 1957 Excerpts. (TeachingAmericanHistory.org)
Civil Rights Act of 1957 (Eisenhower Library)
Text of Civil Rights Act of 1957 (Thurgood Marshall Law Library ~ Univ. Maryland)
Civil Rights Act — 1960
Civil Rghts Act of 1960 (CRMVet)
Civil Rights Act of 1960 Excerpts. (TeachingAmericanHistory.org)
Civil Rights Act — 1964
Civil Rights Act Passes in the House (CRMVet)
Civil Rights Act — Battle in the Senate (CRMVet)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (CRMVet)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 Text of, (TeachingAmericanHistory.org)
Civil Rights Act; July 2, 1964 (Yale Law School)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (King ~ Stanford Univ)
Civil Rights Filibuster Ended (U.S. Senate)
Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Teaching With Documents, CRA 1964 (U.S. National Archives)
March on Washington and the Civil Rights Act (Amistad Digital Resource)
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Passage of the Voting Rights Act (CRMVet)
Voting Rights Act of 1965 Text of, (TeachingAmericanHistory.org)
Voting Rights Act of1965 (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (U.S. Dept of Justice)
The Prize (National Park Service)
Voting Rights Act (U.S. National Archives)
LBJ Library
Voting Rights Act (Leadership Conference on Civil Rights)
The American Promise LBJ's "We Shall Overcome" speech (LBJ Library)
Voting Rights Act (Encylopedia Brittanica)
See also sections covering:
Voting Rights
Voting Rights Act Renewal
Civil Rights Act — 1968 (AKA "Fair Housing Act")
Fair Housing Laws and Presidential Executive Orders (HUD)
Civil Rights Memorial. (Southern Poverty Law Center)
Civil Rights Movement Art See Freedom Movement Related Art
Civil Rights Movement — General, Overviews & Histories
History & Timeline (CRMVet)
Articles & Speeches by Freedom Movement Veterans (CRMVet)
"We Had Set Ourselves Free"... (Teaching Materials ~ Zinn Education Project)
Black Upsurge Against Racial Segregation (Teaching Materials ~ Zinn Education Project)
Civil Rights Movement: 1919-1960s (TeacherServe ~ National Humanities Center)
SoJust.net (Social justice documents & resource materials)
Civil Rights Movement Unit (Teacher Resources ~ ADAH)
Civil Rights Era Part 1 (Library of Congress)
Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, and Demonstrations Era Part 2 (Library of Congress)
Civil Rights History Project (American Folklife Center, Library of Congress
Racial Desegregation of Public Accommodations (National Park Service)
Racial Voting Rights (National Park Service)
Civil Rights Digital Library (Consortium of many libraries)
Demonstration Chronology, June - September 1963 (U.S. Dept of Justice)
Publishing the Long Civil Rights Movement (Univeristy of North Carolina)
Civil Rights Era 1954-1975 (Amistad Digital Resource ~ Columbia Univ.)
Freedom on Film (Univ. of Georgia) [Text-Video]
Civil Rights Movement (Scholastic)
Let Justice Roll Down: CRM Through Film (Yale Teachers Institute)
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture (NY Public Library)
Print Culture of the Civil Rights Movement, 1950-1980 (Tulan Digital Library)
Eyes on the Prize Interviews (Washington Univ.) Transcripts of interviews
Civil Rights Movement (History.com)
100 Great Sites to Celebrate Black History Month (Bachelors Degrees Online)
Civil Rights Movement 1955-1965 (African American History!)
See also We Shall Overcome Historic Places
COINTELPRO see FBI Against the Movement
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
CORE Website
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
CORE Actions including maps, (Univ. of Washington, Seattle)
the CORE Project
Harlem CORE, History
CORE NYC (NY CORE Chapters)
See also James Farmer
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO)
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) Formed (CRMVet)
Story of COFO Part 1 and
Part 2 (Bay Area Friends of SNCC Newsletter)
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
See also Mississippi Movement
~ D ~
Vernon Dahmer
Vernon F. Dahmer: Civil Rights Martyr and American Hero, Joyce Ladner (CRMVet)
Former KKK Leader Convicted of 1966 Murder (CNN)
NCC Officials Relieved by Verdict in Mississippi Murder Case (NCC)
See also Martyrs of the Movement
Danville VA Movement 1963
Danville VA, Movement (CRMVet)
Danville (Virginia Historical Society)
Danville Civil Rights Demonstrations of 1963 (Encylopedia Virginia)
Danville Civil Rights Movement (Virginia Center for Digital History)
Interview Dr. Joyce Glaise (Virginia Commonwealth Univ.)
Interview Dr. Milton Reid (Virginia Commonwealth Univ.)
Danville Community Campaigns ... 1963 (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Guide to ... Danville Civil Rights Case Files (Library of Virginia)
Deacons for Defense and Justice
Armed Defense Interview With Charles Sims (Bogalusa, LA) 1965
By Any Means Necessary (Mike Marqusee ~ The Nation)
Deacons for Defense & Justice — FBI Files (Paperless Archives)
Henry Austan — Deacons for Defense & Justice (ChickenBones: A Journal)
"Niggers Ain't Gonna Run This Town" (Seth Hague ~ Loyola Univ.)
Deacons for Defense and Justice (blackmanspirit)
See also sections covering:
Bogalusa Movement
Louisiana Movement
Durham, NC, Movement
Royal Ice Cream Sit-in — Durham, 1957 (CRMVet)
Durham Sit-ins and Protests, 1960-61 (CRMVet)
Freedom Highways in Durham and Greensboro, 1962 (CRMVet)
Mass Action in Durham (1963)
Durham Students Sit-in ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
African American Citizens Campaign (1963) (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Campaign for Integration in Durham, 1963 (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
See also North Carolina Movement
~ E ~
Medgar & Myrlie Evers
Medgar Evers Assassination, 1963 (CRMVet)
Medgar's Funeral & End of Jackson Movement, 1963 (CRMVet)
Medgar & Myrlie Evers Institute
Jackson, Mississippi by Hunter Bear (John Salter)
Legacy of Medgar Evers (National Public Radio ~ NPR)
Myrlie Evers-Williams (NAACP)
Medgar Evers (NAACP)
Medgar Wiley Evers (Arlington National Cemetary)
Medgar Evers and the Origin of the Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi (MHS)
Leadership Lessons of Medgar Evers (M.J O'Brien)
Assasination
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
See also: LBJ Library
~ F ~
James Farmer
A Freedom Ride Organizer On Nonviolent Resistance (NPR)
Farmer, James, 1920-1999 (King Research & Education Inst. ~ Stanford Univ.)
James Farmer, 1920-1999 (Encylopedia Virginia)
James Farmer, Jr. interviews, (Who Speaks for the Negro?)
Fayette County TN Tent City
Tent City Timeline (Jackson Sun, Jackson TN)
"Tent City" (Jackson Sun, Jackson TN)
"Tent City," Tennessee (Univ. of Tennessee at Martin)
Fayette County, African Americans Form Tent City ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore
Coll.)
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) Against the Movement
FBI's COINTELPRO Targets the Movement (CRMVet)
Hoover Tries to Destroy Dr. King (CRMVet)
COINTELPRO — The Senate Report Vol 3. (Internet Archive Foundation)
FBI's Vendetta Against Martin Luther King (excerpt from The Lawless State)
CRM Unlawful Surveillance, Intimidation, & Harassment (Tracked in America)
COINTELPRO: FBI Domestic Intelligence Activities (Brian Glick)
COINTELPRO: The FBI Papers (WhatReallyHappened.com)
COINTELPRO: Federal Bureau of Intimidation (Howard Zinn)
Get Grandpa's FBI File (Obtain files using Freedom of Information Act.)
Federation of Southern Cooperatives
Federation of Southern Cooperatives (home page)
Federation of Southern Cooperatives (Website Campesino)
Florida Freedom Movements
Civil Rights Movement in Florida (University of South Florida)
Florida Civil Rights Oral Histories (University of South Florida)
Images of the Civil Rights Movement in Florida (Florida Memory)
Tallahassee Students Sit-in... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Univ.)
Florida's Civil Rights Movement ... (Scott Fields) [Lesson Plan]
See also sections covering:
Harry & Harriette Moore Murder
St. Augustine Movement
Tallahassee Bus Boycott
Jim Forman
Jim Forman (In Memory)
SNCC Founder James Forman (African American Registry)
James Forman (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Political Thought of James Forman (ChickenBones: A Journal)
James Forman Papers (Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress)
Freedom Ballot — Mississippi
Freedom Ballot in MS (CRMVet)
Freedom Ballot (SNCC 1960-1966)
See also sections covering:
Mississippi Movement
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
Freedom Movement Related Art
Freedom Movement Related Art (CRMVet)
Oh Freedom! Teaching African American Civil Rights Through Art (Smithsonian)
Inside the Art of the Civil Rights Movement (Jamilah King ~ Colorlines)
The Struggle for Educational Freedom (Walker Hurst, Steven Lohrey, Khajae Hester)
These Are The Artists Of The Civil Rights Movement (Katherine Brooks ~ Huffington Post)
Free Southern Theater
Free Southern Theater Founded (CRMVet ~ History & Timeline)
The Need for a Southern Freedom Theater (Derby, Gilbert, O'Neal ~ Freedomways, 1964)
Free Southern Theater (SNCC 50th Anniversary Conference)
Free Southern Theater: An Evaluation (Tom Dent ~ Freedomways, 1966)
Junebug Productions
Free Southern Theater Institute
Legacy of the Free Southern Theater (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Interview Kalamu ya Salaam (Jordan Green ~ American Poets Interviews)
Freedom School Curriculem (Education & Democracy)
Free Southern Theater (Amistad Research Center)
John O'Neal (Kirkland Project ~ Hamilton Univ.)
Freedom Rides
Freedom Rides (CRMVet ~ Timeline & History)
Freedom Rides (Multiple articles)
Freedom Rides, New South, 1961 (Multiple articles)
Freedom Riders Speak For Themselves, News & Letters, 1961. (Multiple Articles)
The White Problem, Albert Bigelow. Liberation, 1961.
Freedom Ride, David Fankhauser.
Siege of the Freedom Riders (Bernard Lafayette ~ NY Times, 2011)
In Pursuit of Freedom, William Mahoney. Liberation, 1961.
A Freedom Rider Speaks His Mind, Jimmy Mcdonald. Freedomways, 1961.
When MLK Thrilled L.A. — and Me, Ellen Broms. Zocalo
Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, & Demonstrations (Library of Congress)
Breach of Peace Portraits of the 1961 Mississippi Freedom Riders [video]
Freedom Riders Mug Shots (Eric Etheridge)
Freedom Rides (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Freedom Rides (African American History!)
Freedom Rides (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Freedom Rides (SNCC)
The Freedom Riders, Then and Now (Smithsonian Inst.)
Freedom Rides (1961) (BlackPast.org)
"..They're Going to Burn Us Up!" (Excerpt from Freedom Riders...)
Freedom Riders End Racial Segregation ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Freedom Rides of 1961 (Student site, National History Day, 2012)
Freedom Riders, Raymond Arsenault (PRRAC)
Freedom Rides Commemorations
Montgomery Bus Station (Alabama Historical Commission)
Little Rock, AR, 1961 Freedom Riders 50th Anniversary (UALR)
Oprah's Tribute to Freedom Riders (Oprah Winfrey Show)
Freedom Riders (American Experience ~ PBS)
House Resolution 1779 Honoring 50th anniversary of the Freedom Rides
Freedom Riders 40th Reunion (Freedom Riders Foundation)
40 Years Later, Mississippi Lauds 'Freedom Riders (NPR)
Memorializing the Freedom Riders (Ellen Spears ~ Southern Spaces)
Traveling Down the Road to Freedom (Stephanie ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Charlotta Janssen (Paintings inspired by Freedom Rides)
See also JFK Library
Freedom Schools
Freedom Schools (CRMVet)
Freedom School Curriculum 1964 (CRMVet)
Remembrances of Freedom School Students (CRMVet)
Freedom Schools: Concept And Organization (Staughton Lynd ~ Freedomways)
Platform: Freedom School Convention (Students)
Sandra Adickes History Lessons in Hattiesburg
Three Letters From a Freedom School Teacher
Freedom School Curriculum. (Education & Democracy)
Mississippi Freedom Summer & Its 30 Schools (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Freedom Schools (Children's Defense Fund)
San Francisco Freedom School
Freedom Songs
The Power of Freedom Songs (CRMVet)
SNCC Freedom Singers (SNCC 50th Anniversary Conference)
Music in the Civil Rights Movement (Bernice Johnson Reagon ~ PBS)
Bernice Johnson Reagon [Audio]
Bernice Johnson Reagon: Civil Rights song leader (Folkways ~ Smithsonian Inst.)
In Our Hands: Thoughts on Black Music, (Berenice Johnson Reagon)
Protest Songs: We Shall Overcome (Lift Every Voice ~ Univ. Virginia)
Freedom Songs of the Civil Rights Movement (Lesson plan ~ LEARN NC!)
A Freedom Singer Shares The Music Of The Movement (NPR) [Text & Audio]
Songs and the Civil Rights Movement (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
Lyrics of the Freedom Songs (PBS ~ American Experience)
Freedom songs today:
Songs of Freedom and Struggle (People's Music Network)
Freedom Song Network (FSN)
Songs of Freedom (TV show)
See also Poetry
Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer (CRMVet)
Freedom Summer Articles by Movement Veterans (CRMVet ~ Multiple Articles)
Documents From Freedom Summer (CRMVet)
"Letters From Mississippi," by Elizabeth Sutherland Martinez
Life in Mississippi, Fannie Lou Hamer. (Freedomways.)
Tremor in the Iceberg: The Mississippi Summer, Eric Morton. (Freedomways)
Freedom Summer Digital Collection (Wisconsin Historical Society)
Freedom Summer (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Freedom Summer (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Running Summary of Incidents (USM)
Mississippi Freedom Summer Digital Collection (Miami University [Ohio])
Freedom Summer: A New Voter Bob Moses (Boston Latin School)
Letters From Participants (America Firsthand)
Oh Freedom Over Me (American RadioWorks)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
Three who gave their lives By Les Bayless (People's Weekly World)
Images of Hate & Hope (Ted Polumbaum photos ~ Newseum)
Mississippi Summer Freedom Project (some letters from)
Robert Moses Archive [photo collection] (Boston Latin School)
Mississippi Freedom Summer (Amistad Digital Resource ~ Columbia University)
Mississippi Freedom Summer 50th, The Movement Forward. Jackson, MS. June 25-29, 2014
See also sections covering:
Mississippi Movement
Freedom Schools
Friends of SNCC
The Movement Friends of SNCC Newspaper 1965-70
Bay Area Friends of SNCC Newsletter (January 1965)
Bay Area Friends of SNCC Newsletter (February 1965)
Bay Area Friends of SNCC Newsletter (March 1965)
See also Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
~ G ~
Georgia Freedom Movements
Civil Rights Movement (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Augusta Movement (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Freedom on Film Civil Rights in Georgia (Univ. of Georgia)
Augusta (Freedom on Film ~ Univ. Georgia)
Georgia Civil Rights Cold Cases Project (Emory University)
See also individual sections covering:
Albany, Americus, & SW Georgia Movements
Atlanta Movement
Andrew Goodman see Chaney, Schwerner, Goodman Lynching
Greensboro Sit-ins & Protests
First Southern Sit-in, Greensboro NC, 1960 (CRMVet)
Freedom Highways in Durham and Greensboro, 1962 (CRMVet)
Mass Action in Greensboro, 1963 (CRMVet)
International Civil Rights Center and Museum (Greensboro)
Greensboro Sit Ins: Launch of a Movement (Greensboro News-Record)
Greensboro Woolworth Building (National Park Service)
Greensboro Lunch Counter Sit-In (Library of Congress)
Sit-ins, Freedom Rides, & Demonstrations (Library of Congress)
Greensboro Voices (Univ. North Carolina) 125 interviews
Sit-ins: Greensboro, N.C. (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Sit-Ins (African American History!)
First Sit-in on February 1, 1960 (SNCC 1960-1966)
Sitting for Justice (Smithsonian Museum of American History)
February One: Story of Greensboro Four ([IndependentLens PBS)
Beginning: Students Sit-In in Greensboro (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Greensboro, NC, Students Sit-in ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Desegregation of Greensboro Businesses, 1962-1963 (UNC Greensboro)
Greensboro Sit-Ins at Woolworth's, February-July 1960 (UNC Greensboro)
February One (website for the film)
See also North Carolina Movement
Greenwood MS Movement
Mississippi Voter Registration — Greenwood, 1962 (CRMVet)
Greenwood Food Blockade, 1962 (CRMVet)
Marching For Freedom in Greenwood, 1963 (CRMVet)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
"Crawl Space" (Boston Latin School)
Grenada MS Movement (1966)
Grenada MS, Movement (CRMVet)
~ H ~
Fannie Lou Hamer
Interview: Life in Mississippi, Fannie Lou Hamer. (CRMVet)
Oral History — Fannie Lou Hamer Transcript (USM)
Fannie Lou Hamer (ROAR International)
The Hamer Institute
Fannie Lou Hamer. Web biography.
Long Road to Freedom — A Play (Scholastic)
Testimony - Democratic National Convention (American RadioWorks)
Fannie Lou Hamer: Civil Rights Activist (Mississippi Historical Society)
Ms. Hamer's Work (Social Justice Movements ~ Columbia Univ.)
Songs Of Salvation: Remembering Fannie Lou Hamer's Music (NPR)
Hattiesburg MS Movement
Freedom Day in Hattiesburg (CRMVet)
Oral History, Raylawni Branch (USM)
Freedom Summer Journal of Sandra Adickes (USM)
"Crawl Space" (Boston Latin School)
See also Mississippi Movement
Highlander Center
Highlander Center (Highlander Center website)
Dorothy Height see National Council of Negro Women & Dorothy Height
~ I ~
~ J ~
Jimmy Lee Jackson
The Shooting of Jimmy Lee Jackson (CRMVet)
See also:
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
Jackson, MS, Movement
Tougaloo Nine and Jackson State Protest, 1961 (CRMVet)
Jackson MS, Boycotts, 1962 (CRMVet)
Jackson Sit-in & Protests, 1963 (CRMVet)
Medgar's Funeral & End of Jackson Movement, 1963 (CRMVet)
Jackson, Mississippi by Hunter Bear (John Salter)
Interview ~ Hunter Bear (John Salter)
Leadership Lessons of Medgar Evers (M.J O'Brien)
When Youth Protest: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement (MS Hist. Society)
Jews & the Civil Rights Movement
Jews, Religion, & the Movement (A Discussion)
Jews and the Civil Rights Movement curriculum grades 8-12 (Jewish Women's Archive)
Jewish Women in Civil Rights (Jewish Women's Archive)
Civil Rights Movement in the United States (Jewish Women's Archive)
Black Liberation and Jewish Identity (Jewish Currents)
"Jim Crow" see Segregation — the "Jim Crow" System
Vernon Johns
Vernon Johns, Life and Times (Vernon Johns Society)
~ K ~
Clyde Kennard
Clyde Kennard Framed and Jailed in MS (CRMVet)
Clyde Kennard (Ron Hollander ~ CRMVet)
Clyde Kennard (Hamer Institute)
1957: Clyde Kennard [Audio] (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
"The Saddest Story of the Whole Movement" (Mississippi Dept. Archives & History)
New Portrait Honors Clyde Kennard, Forgotten Civil Rights Pioneer (Huffington Post)
Martin Luther King (1929-1968)
MLK Overviews, Biographies, & Misc.
DrMartinLutherKingJr.com
Martin Luther King Biography (Nobel Prize Museum)
All About Martin Luther King (Enchanted Learning) (Students K-12)
Tax Fraud Charges Against Dr. King, see New York Times v Sullivan
See also:
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
JFK Library
MKL Academic & Historic Centers
M.L. King Research & Education Institute (Stanford Univ.)
King Center, Atlanta GA
MLK National Historic Site (National Park Service)
MLK Awarded Nobel Prize
Nobel Peace Prize 1964 (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Award (Nobel Prize Museum)
Dr. King's Acceptance Speech (Dr. King ~ NobelPrize.org)
Quest for Peace and Justice Nobel Lecture (Dr. King ~ NobelPrize.org)
Opposes Vietnam War
Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence, Riverside Church, (1967)
Casualties of the War in Vietnam (King Institute ~ Stanford
Univ.)
MLK's Call for Peace as Racial Justice Still Rings (Michelle Chen ~ Common Dreams)
MLK Assasination in Memphis
Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
National Civil Rights Museum.
Court Documents - MLK & Sanitation Workers (National Archives)
Lorrain Hotel (National Park Service)
Dr. King's Assassination (Civil Rights Digital Library)
An Act of State: The Execution of MLK. (William F. Pepper)
Assassination of MLK Was An Act of State (Book review)
After Three Decades, Another Verdict (James Douglass)
A Shot Rings Out in the Memphis Sky (Neda ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Martin Luther King Jr. Assassinated (Finding Dulcinea)
MLK Speeches & Essays
"Birth of a New Nation" Montgomery (1957)
Letter from Birmingham Jail (1963)
"I Have a Dream" speech, March on Washington (1963)
Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech (1964) (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
Our God is Marching On! (1965) (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
"Beyond Vietnam: A Time to Break Silence", Riverside Church, (1967)
The Other America, (1967)
Where Do We Go From Here (1967), (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
The Drum Major Instinct (1968), (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
"I Have Been to the Mountain Top", (last speech) (1968)
Legacy and Analysis of Martin Luther King
Martin Luther King You Don't See On TV (Media Beat ~ FAIR)
Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Ku Klux Klan (Anti-Defamation League ~ ADL)
See also White Citizens Council
~ L ~
Legal Organizations
National Lawyers Guild
NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (AKA the "Inc Fund")
Lawyer's Constitutional Defense Committee (LCDC) (1964-1976)
Herbert Lee
Herbert Lee Murdered (CRMVet)
Amite County (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Oh Freedom Over Me (Page 4) (American RadioWorks)
See also:
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
John Lewis
Congressman John Lewis (U.S. House of Representatives)
Little Rock School Desegregation
The Little Rock Nine (CRMVet)
Little Rock School Desegregation (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Warriors Don't Cry: ... (Teaching Materials ~ Zinn Education Project)
"A School Year Like No Other" ... (Teaching Materials ~ Zinn Education Project)
Crisis at Central High (National Park Service)
Little Rock Central High School Integration (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Civil Rights: The Little Rock School Integration Crisis (Eisenhower Library)
School Integration in Little Rock, Arkansas (African American History!)
Crises in Little Rock (American RadioWorks)
Crisis in Little Rock (Center for Technology and Teacher Education)
Melba Pattillo Beals (Scholastic)
Arkansas Bars "Little Rock Nine" From School (Finding Dulcinea)
Warriors Don't Cry: (Rethinking Schools Online)
2, 4, 6, 8: I Think You Best Desegregate! (Jennifer ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Little Rock 40 Years Later (New York Times)
See also Arkansas Movement
Viola Liuzzo Murder
Viola Liuzzo (Unitarian Universalists)
Martyrs of the Movement
Louisiana Freedom Movements
Baton Rouge Sit-ins & Student Strike, 1960 (CRMVet)
Baton Rouge Student Protests, 1961 (CRMVet)
"Criminal Anarchy" in Louisiana, 1962 (CRMVet)
Man-Hunt in Plaquemine LA, 1963 (CRMVet)
Deacons for Defense & Justice Founded (CRMVet)
Confronting the Klan in Bogalusa With Nonviolence & Self-Defense (CRMVet)
A House Divided Teaching Guide (SIER ~ Tulane Univ.)
Baton Rouge Students Sit-in ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
See also individual sections covering:
Baton Rouge Bus Boycott
Bogalusa LA Movement
Deacons for Defense
New Orleans Movement & School Desegregation
Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO)
What Would it Profit a Man to Have the Vote and Not be Able to Control it?, Courtland Cox
We Intend to Take Over Lowndes County, Stokely Carmichael. The Movement
How the Black Panther Party Was Organized, John Hulet
Integration is Completely Irrelevant to Us, Stokely Carmichael. The Movement
Lowndes County Election Fraud ~ November 1966, Gwen Patton. Liberator.
Lowndes County Freedom Organization, Jack Minnis.
Making the Revolution — In One County Review of Bloody Lowndes (Jo Freeman)
Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO) Political Education Primer
Interview Gloria House (YouTube) [Video]
Lowndes County Freedom Organization (Encylopedia of Alabama)
Modern Civil Rights Movement in Alabama (Encylopedia of Alabama)
Lowndes County Freedom Organization (BlackPast.org)
Interview with John Hulett (Eyes on the Prize ~ PBS)
Making the Revolution — in One County (Book Review ~ Jo Freeman)
Autherine Lucy vs University of Alabama
Autherine Lucy at the Univ. Alabama (CRMVet)
~ M ~
Malcolm X
Brother Malcolm
Official Web Site of Malcom X
Malcolm X (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
The Ballot or the Bullet (Social Justice Speeches)
How New York Times Distorted Malcolm on Self-Defense (Walter Lippmann)
March on Washington 1963
March on Washington for Jobs & Freedom (CRMVet)
March on Washington (Multiple articles)
Remembrances of participants (CRMVet)
March on Washington Documents
The Message Behind the March (Charlie Cobb ~ Washington Post, 8/28/13)
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom (King Institute ~ Stanford)
Freedom's Ring, Interactive/audio (King Institute ~ Stanford)
March on Washington (Civil Rights Digital Library)
1963 March on Washington [Audio] (WGBH Boston)
"We Stood on a Height" Pictures & history. (Abbeville Press)
March on Washington (CORE)
March on Washington (SNCC 1960-1966)
Claiming & Teaching the 1963 MoW (Bill Fletcher ~ Teaching for Change)
MoW Online Teaching Quiz (Teaching For Change)
Forgotten Radical History of the (MoW) (William Jones ~ Dissent Spring 2013)
March On Washington (Bergie Lustig - march participant)
March on Washington & Civil Rights Act (Amistad Digital Resource)
MLK Delivers "I Have a Dream" Speech (Finding Dulcinea)
A Defense For Washington March, (Harvard Crimson)
The March on Washington (Black Culture Connection ~ PBS)
Program at the Lincoln Memorial
Speech of John Lewis
"I Have a Dream", speech by Martin Luther King
Can Dreams Come True? (Neda ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Commemoration of the March on Washington (ChickenBones: A Journal)
See also JFK Library
March to Montgomery see Selma Voting Rights Campaign
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives For Freedom
Maryland Movement see Baltimore & Maryland
Ruby McCollum Murder Trial
Murder Trial of Ruby McCollum (CRMVet)
Paramour Rights & Reparation Issues (C. Arthur Ellis, Black Commentator)
Case of Ruby McCollum (Time Magazine, Oct. 25, 1954)
McComb MS Movement
Voter Registration & Direct-Action in McComb MS (CRMVet)
McComb Mississippi Incidents & Events. (Multiple articles)
"The Crawl Space" (Boston Latin School)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
Amite County (ChickenBones: A Journal)
Civil Rights In Mississippi Digital Archive (USM):
Oral history of Mr. Nathaniel H. Lewis
Oral history of Rev. C.C. Bryant
Response to the 13th and 14th bombings in McComb
McComb Legacies
Freedom Song (Film) (Turner Le@rning - TNT):
Media Coverage of the Movement
Reporting Civil Rights (Library of America)
TV News of Civil Rights Era (Univ. Virginia)
Television News and the Civil Rights Struggle: ... (William Thomas, ~ Southern Spaces)
"Race Beat" panel discussion [video] (UNC School of Journalism)
Medical Committee for Human Rights (MCHR)
MCHR & Manual for Volunteers (CRMVet Document Collection)
March on Washington, 1963 (PMC ~ National Institutes of Health)
Memphis Garbage Workers Strike
Court Documents - MLK & Sanitation Workers (National Archives)
Memphis Sanitation Workers Strike (Civil Rights Digital Library)
At the River I Stand (California Newsreel)
A Shot Rings Out in the Memphis Sky (Neda ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Memphis, TN, Sanitation Workers Strike ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Memphis Strike: Martin Luther King's Last Campaign, Michael Honey (PRRAC)
Meredith Desegregates 'Ole Miss, 1962
James Meredith Desegregates Ole Miss (CRMVet)
Integrating Ole Miss (JFK Library)
'Ole Miss Integration (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Meredith Etc, a blog & small press
Ole Miss, 40 Years Later (National Public Radio ~ NPR)
Meredith Mississippi March Against Fear, 1966
Black civil rights activist shot (BBC)
Meredith Mississippi (by Jo Freeman)
Remembering the Meredith March (Ray Goldstein)
When Youth Protest: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement (MS Hist. Society)
Military, Desegregation of
Committee Against Jim Crow in the Military (PBS)
Integration of the U.S. Army (Center of Military History)
Miscegenation Laws Overturned
Loving v. Virginia (U.S. Supreme Court)
Unforgivable Blackness (For Teachers ~ PBS)
Segregation — the "Jim Crow" System
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)
Freedom Ballot in MS (CRMVet)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party Founded (CRMVet)
MFDP Challenge to Democratic Convention (CRMVet)
MFDP Congressional Challenge (CRMVet)
Discussion: The Mississippi Movement & the MFDP (CRMVet)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) (Multiple articles)
Mississippi Congressional Challenge, (Multiple articles)
COFO/MFDP Documents (CRMVet Documents Collection)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) (SNCC 1960-1966)
Freedom Ballot (SNCC 1960-1966)
SNCC & MFDP (ROAR International)
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (Fact Index)
Fighting For the Soul of the Democratic Party (John Dittmer ~ Yes!)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
MFDP: A Case Stude of Grass-Roots Politics (Leslie McLemore ~ UMass, Amherst)
Freedom Strategy ... Democratic National Convention, (Debbie Elliot, NPR)
"I Question America" — Remembering Hamer's ..., (Peter Dreier ~ Huffington Post)
Mississippi Freedom Labor Union (MFLU)
Mississippi Freedom Labor Union Founded (CRMVet ~ History & Timeline)
Greenville Air Force Base Occupied (CRMVet ~ History & Timeline)
Mississippi Freedom Labor Union Documents (CRMVet Document Collection)
Mississippi Freedom Labor Union (Social Justice Movements ~ Columbia Univ.)
Learn More About Mississippi Freedom Labor Union (Social Justice Movements ~ Columbia Univ.)
Mississippi Freedom Movements
Struggle for Voting Rights in Mississippi ~ The Early Years. (CRMVet)
Got To Thinking...The Movement in Holmes Co, MS., Sue Sojourner.
Life in Mississippi, Fannie Lou Hamer. (Freedomways.)
Politics of Necessity & Survival in Mississippi, Lawrence Guyot & Mike Thewell. Freedomways
Veterans of the Mississippi Civil Rights Movement
Oh Freedom Over Me (American RadioWorks)
Interview: Bob Moses (Oh Freedom Over Me ~ American RadioWorks)
State of Seige: Mississippi Whites and the CRM (American RadioWorks)
Freedom Summer (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Mississippi & Freedom Summer (African American History!)
Bob Moses - Civil Rights (Boston Latin School)
Civil Rights in Mississippi Digital Archive (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
Voter Registration Laws in Mississippi (Freedom School Curriculum)
The Mississippi Power Structure (Freedom School Curriculum)
Hill Country Project (Local movement in Benton County)
Standing on My Sisters' Shoulders (Film) Women in the Movement.
ROAR (ROAR International)
Freedom Now! Archival project of Tougaloo College and Brown Univ..
Freedom Now: The Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi (Choices ~ Brown Univ)
Mississippi Civil Rights & Delta Blues Bookstore
Fighting For the Soul of the Democratic Party (John Dittmer ~ Yes!)
"Just the Meanest, Dirtiest, Low-Down Stuff That I've Ever Heard" (LBJ: White House Tapes)
When Youth Protest: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement (MS Hist. Society)
Whites in the Land of the Blues (Jane Adams)
Mississippi Civil Rights Project (county by county Movement histories)
Leadership Lessons of Medgar Evers (M.J O'Brien)
See also individual sections covering:
Council of Federated Organizations (COFO)
Medgar Evers
Freedom Schools
Freedom Summer
Greenwood Movement
Grenada Movement
Fannie Lou Hamer
Hattiesburg Movement
Jackson Movement
Clyde Kennard Frameup
McComb Movement
Meredith Desegregation of 'Ole Miss
Meredith Mississippi March Against Fear
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission
Bob Moses
Voting Rights
Wednesdays in Mississippi
Chaney, Schwerner, Goodman Assasination
Herbert Lee Murder
Emmett Till Murder
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission Online Archives (MS Archives & Library)
Mississippi State Sovereignty Commission: An Agency History (MS Hist. Society)
Notes on the Tangled MSC Legal Case (Hunter Bear ~ NAACP & SCEF)
Berkeley Free Speech Movement & the MSC (by Jo Freeman ~ SCLC)
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Montgomery Bus Boycott (CRMVet)
Organizing Before the Boycott by Jo Ann Robinson
Rosa Parks Discusses the Montgomery Bus Boycott, March 1956.
Report on Montgomery, Bayard Rustin, March 1956.
Montgomery Leader Tells His Story, Talk by E.D. Nixon. May, 1956. (WRL News)
White Support of the Montgomery Boycott, by Virginia Durr.
Back From 'Bama, Bayard Rustin. May, 1956. (WRL News)
Montgomery Bus Boycott — Biographic Skecthes (Trenholm State Archives)
Montgomery Story Comic Book (Fellowship of Reconciliation)
MIA Officers & Negotiation Committee During the Boycott
Even in the Face of Death, Bayard Rustin. Liberation, February, 1957.
First Boycott Leaflet (Womens Political Council)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (outline of)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Browder v Gayle (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Rosa Parks & the Montgomery Bus Boycott (Rosa Parks Facts)
Bus Boycott: Historical Documents (Teaching Tolerance ~ SPLC)
Browder v. Gayle (Univ. of Washington)
1956 Interview With Parks (Democracy Now ~ Pacifica Radio)
African Americans Boycott Buses for Integration ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore
Coll.)
381 Days -
Montgomery Bus Boycott Story (Smithsonian Institution) )
Montgomery Bus Boycott (National Archives at Atlanta)
Lesson 1: Taking a Stand (Alabama Department of Archives & History)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (African American History!)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (Amistad Digital Resource ~ Columbia University)
Montgomery Bus Boycott (LearningSite - UK)
They Changed the World (Montgomery Advertiser)
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery bus boycott (Academy of Achievement)
Montgomery Bus Boycott Begins (African American Registry)
Fightin' with Her Feet (Stephanie ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Riding While Black/Walking While Black (Awele Makeba)
Supreme Court Outlaws Bus Segregation (Finding Dulcinea)
Teaching the Montgomery Bus Boycott: 50 Years Later (civilrightsteaching.org)
Montgomery, March to see Selma Voting Rights Campaign
Amzie Moore
Profiles: Amzie Moore (One Person, One Vote)
Moore, Amzie (American National Biography Online)
Moore, Amzie, 1911-1982 (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Amzie Moore: A Civil Rights Movement Leader (Harvey Richards Media Archive)
Harry & Harriette Moore
Murder of Harry & Harriette Moore (CRMVet)
In Memory: Harry & Harriette Moore
Legacy of Harry T. Moore (PBS)
Life of Harry Tyson Moore
"Who Was Harry T. Moore? (Michael Browning, Palm Beach Post)
In Memory: Harry & Harriette Moore
Harry & Harriette Moore Memorial Website
Bob Moses
Bob Moses - Civil Rights (Boston Latin School)
The Civil Rights Work of Bob Moses (Lesson Plan) (NOW - PBS)
Interview: Bob Moses (Oh Freedom Over Me ~ American RadioWorks)
Monroe NC Movement see Robert F. Williams...
The Movement Friends of SNCC Newspaper 1965-70 (Farmworkers)
Music of the Movement see Freedom Songs
~ N ~
Diane Nash
Nash, Diane (King Institute at Stanford Univ.)
Nashville Student Movement
Nashville Student Movement (CRMVet)
Nashville Sit-Ins (Tennessee State Univ.)
Civil Rights Movement in Nashville (Nashville Public Library)
Sit-ins: Nashville, Tenn. (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Nashville — We Were Warriors (A Force More Powerful ~ Film)
Nashville Students Sit-in ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
NAACP (NAACP website)
Crises Online (NAACP magazine)
NAACP Legal Defense & Education Fund ("Inc Fund")
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (King Institute)
NAACP: A Century in the Fight for Freedom (Library of Congress)
NAACP (Rise & Fall of Jim Crow ~ PBS)
NAACP History & Geography (Univ. of Washington)
The Walter White Project (Alliance for Networking Visual Culture ~ USC)
Anti-NAACP Attacks, 1956-1964
Southern States Try to Destroy NAACP (CRMVet)
NAACP v Alabama (U.S. Supreme Court ~ FindLaw.com)
NAACP v Button [VA] (Cornell Law School)
NAACP Legal Defense & Education Fund ("Ink Fund")
National Council of Negro Women (NCNW) & Dorothy Height
National Council of Negro Women
National Council of Negro Women (About.com)
National Council of Negro Women (NCNW) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Dr. Dorothy I. Height (National Council of Negro Women)
Dorothy Height (About.com)
Dorothy Height (1912-2010) (Democracy Now)
The Depth Of Dorothy Height (Michel Martin ~ NPR)
Dorothy Height & Sexism of the Civil Rights Movement (Paul Delaney ~ The Root)
Dorothy Height (racematters.org)
See also Wednesdays in Mississippi
New Orleans Movement & School Desegregation
New Orleans Merchant Boycotts & Sit-ins, 1960 (CRMVet)
New Orleans School Desgregation, 1960 (CRMVet)
Freedom March in New Orleans, 1963 (CRMVet)
A House Divided Teaching Guide (SIER ~ Tulane Univ)
New Orleans school integration (Civil Rights Digital Library)
The Education of Ruby Nell (by Ruby Bridges)
New Orleans Citizens Boycott for Civil Rights ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
A Class of One Interview With Ruby Bridges (Online News Hour - PBS)
Nonviolent Resistance
Nonviolent Resistance articles (CRMVet)
Civil Rights Movement And Violence (Guyana Jounal)
Interview with Malcolm X (Hartford Web Publishing)
On Violence and Nonviolence: The CRM in Mississippi (MS Hist. Soc.)
SNCC & Non-Violence (SNCC 1960-1966)
We Shall Overcome (American Studies Online ~ UK)
Philosophies & Strategies — Non-Violence & Black Power (HistoryOrb.com)
Why Non-Violence Waned & Black Power Gained (HistoryOrb.com)
Nonviolent Resistance in Today's World
A Force More Powerful (film, book, game, resources)
American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)
Albert Einstein Institution
Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR)
M.K. Gandhi Institute for Nonviolence
Institute for Study and Practice of Nonviolence
International Center on Nonviolent Conflict
A.J. Muste Memorial Institute
Nonviolence (Gene Sharp)
Nonviolence International
Nonviolence.org Web portal for nonviolence
Pace e Bene Nonviolence Service
Peace Brigades International (PBI)
Resource Center for Nonviolence.
Training for Change
War Resisters League
Why Civil Resistance Works The Strategic Logic of Nonviolent Conflict
North Carolina Freedom Movements
Black-Belt Thunder: North Carolina & SCEF (Hunter Bear)
Integration Sit-ins (UNC Chapel Hill)
See also sections covering:
Durham, NC, Movement
Greensboro Sit-ins
~ O ~
Oral Histories
List of Oral Histories collected by Shiela Michaels
Who Speaks for the Negro? (Vanderbilt Univ.). Audio interviews.
Oral History Bibliography (Civil Rrights Documentation Project ~ USM)
Mississippi Civil Rights Oral Histories (Civil Rights Digital Archive ~ USM)
Southern Oral History Project (Univerity North Carolina-Chapel Hill)
Civil Rights History Project (American Folklife Center, Library of Congress)
See also Our Stories
Orangeburg SC Movement & Orangeburg Massacre of 1968
Student Protests & Boycotts — Orangeburg, SC, 1956 (CRMVet)
Mass Arrest of Student Protesters, Orangeburg, SC., 1960 (CRMVet)
Orangeburg SC, Freedom Movement, 1963 (CRMVet)
Orangeburg: Behind the Carolina Stockade (Tom Gaither ~ CORE)
SC State College (National Park Service)
All Star Bowling - Orangeburg Massacre (National Park Service)
Orangeburg, SC, Students Sit-in ... (1960) (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Remembering the 1968 Orangeburg Massacre (Brian Cabell ~ CNN)
Students Faced Water Hoses, Arrest in Downtown Orangeburg (Orangeburg Times & Democrat)
~ P ~
Rosa Parks
Freedom Hero: Rosa Parks (Francisca Stewart, 4th Grade)
Rosa Parks (Time 100, Times Magazine)
Rosa Parks "How I Fought for Civil Rights" (Scholastic) (Grades 7-8)
Rosa Parks: Pioneer of Civil Rights (Academy of Achievement)
Rosa Parks: Woman Who Changed a Nation (grandtimes.com)
Why do you push us around? (Library of Congress)
On Rosa Parks' 100th Birthday, Recalling Her Rebellious Life (Democracy Now!)
The Rebellious Life of Mrs. Rosa Parks (Jeanne Theoharis)
Lemuel Penn
Lemuel Penn (Arlington National Cemetary)
Lemuel Penn Murder (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Highway 172 Revisited (Athens Banner-Herald)
Lemuel Penn Murdered Near Athens in 1964 (Another Voice From Oconee County)
Remembrance for Lemuel Penn (Madison County GA Journal)
See also:
Martyrs of the Movement
41 Lives for Freedom
Pigford v Glickman "Black Farmers" Case
Pigford Lawsuit Information (FSC-LAF)
Black Land Loss & Land Acquisition (FSC-LAF)
African American Farmers & Civil Rights (Journal of Southern History)
Office of the Monitor (pigfordmonitor.org)
Overview, Problems and ... the Pigford Case (J.L. Chestnut)
Black Farmers Discrimination Litigation Settlement (Pigford II)
The Pigford Cases: USDA Settlement of Discrimination Suits by Black Farmers (National Law Center)
See also Agriculture Stabilization &
Conservation Service (ASCS) Elections
Photos of the Freedom Movement
Bob Fitch Photos.
Photos by Jo Freeman.
Poll Taxes
Poll tax as a form of social control ... (William Long ~ Atlanta Univ.
Suffrage in the South (George Stoney, Survey Graphic)
Injustice of the Poll Tax and ... (Andrew Kirshenbaum ~ FairVote)
Techniques of Direct Disenfranchisement ... (Geography of Race ~ U Mich.)
24th Amendment: commentary (DeafVote.com)
Harper v. Virginia Board of Elections (Cornell Law School)
Poor People's Campaign and Resurrection City
Poor People's Campaign (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Poor People's Campaign (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Poor Peoples Campaign Arrives in D.C! (African American Registry)
Poor People's Campaign of 1968 and Resurrection City (Art McGee)
Dr. King's march to Occupy D.C. for economic justice (Chris Kromm ~ Facing South)
Unfinished Business of the Poor People's Campaign (AFSC)
Poor People's Campaign: ... for Economic Justice (Terry Messman ~ RP&E)
See also Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Powerful Days In Black and White. Civil rights photography of Charles Moore.
Prayer Pilgrimage for Civil Rights, Washington DC
Prayer Pilgrimage for Civil Rights, 1957 (Library of Congress)
Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
Prayer Pilgrimage for Freedom, Washington, D.C (Civil Rights Digital Library)
~ Q ~
~ R ~
A. Philip Randolph
Randolph, A. Philip (1889-1979) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Asa Philip Randolph (AFL-CIO)
Regional Council of Negro Leadership (RCNL)
Regional Council of Negro Leadership Established in Mississippi (CRMVet)
Profiles: RCNL (SNCC: One Person, One Vote)
Religion & the Freedom Movement
Civil Rights Movement as Theological Drama (Univ. Virginia)
Repression against the movement see:
Alabama vs NAACP
FBI Against the Movement
Mississippi Sovereignty Commission
Orangeburg SC Massacre 1968
White Citizens Council (now known as "Council of Conservative Citizens)
Jimmy Lee Jackson Murdered
Martin Luther King Assasination
Herbert Lee Murder
Viola Luizzo Murder
Lemuel Penn Murder
Gloria Richardson see Cambridge MD Movement & Gloria Richardson
Rock Hill Sit-ins see Charlotte & Rock Hill Sit-ins
Bayard Rustin
The Organizer, Bayard Rustin (Race Matters Resource Center)
Brother Outsider: The Life of Bayard Rustin (P.O.V. ~ PBS)
Rustin, Bayard (1910-1987) (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
Baynard Rustin and the CRM, Daniel Levine. (PRRAC)
~ S ~
St. Augustine Movement
St. Augustine FL, Movement, 1963 (CRMVet)
St. Augustine FL, Movement, 1964 (CRMVet)
St. Augustine Movement. (Multiple articles)
St. Augustine Movement (Shirley Bryce ~ ACCORD)
St. Augustine Movement (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
St. Augustine (National Park Service)
Passage at St. Augustine(Film)
Dare Not Walk Alone (Film)
St. Augustine Civil Rights 1960 - 1965 (Gil Wilson)
St. Augustine Freedom Trail
Savannah GA Movement
Savannah Sit-ins & Boycott, 1960 (CRMVet)
Savannah GA, Movement, 1963 (CRMVet)
Siege at Savannah, Benjamin Van Clark. Freedomways
Savannah (Freedom on Film)
School Desegregation
CRMVet History Articles
Student Strike at Moton High (1951)
Students and Parents Challenge School Segregation (1951)
NAACP Builds the Case (1951)
Brown v Board of Education (1954)
"Massive Resistance" to Integration (1954)
Clintion, Tennessee — First White School Desegregated (1956)
Autherine Lucy at the Univ. Alabama (1956)
Nashville "Grade-a-Year" School Desegregation Scheme (1957)
The Little Rock Nine (1957)
Youth March for Integrated Schools — Washington, DC (1958)
Prince Edward County, Virginia, Closes It's Public Schools (1959)
New Orleans School Desgregation (1960)
University of Georgia Desegregated (1961)
James Meredith Desegregates 'Ole Miss (1962)
Standing In the Schoolhouse Door (1963)
Massive Evasion of School Integration (1964)
Integrating Americus High School (1964)
Crawfordville, GA, School Bus Struggle (1965)
End of Dual White & "Colored" School Systems (1968)
Brown v. Board of Education 1950-1954
"A School Year Like No Other" ... (Teaching Materials ~ Zinn Education Project)
BvBoE Ruling (U.S. Supreme Court)
Next Steps in the South: Answers to Current Questions (New South, 1956)
Brown v Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 1954 (FindLaw)
BvBoE History & Background (African American History!)
Brown v BOE National Historic Site (National Park Service)
Brown Foundation (Brown Foundation)
Separate Is Not Equal (Smithsonian National Museum of American History)
Federal Records ~ BvVoE (National Archives)
Teaching With Documents Lesson Plan: BvBoE (National Archives)
... School Desegregation in Nashville (John Egerton ~ Southern Spaces)
Civil Rights - Brown vs. Board of Education (Eisenhower Library)
Supreme Court Ends School Segregation (Finding Dulcinea)
The Struggle for Educational Freedom (Hurst, Lohrey, Hester)
Still Separate, Still Unequal:... (Jonathan Kozol ~ Harper's Magazine)
Looking Back at BvBoE 50th Anniversary (National Public Radio)
"With an Even Hand" BvBoE at 50 (Library of Congress)
Brown versus Board of Education - Resources (Civil Rights Digital Library)
"All Deliberate Speed" Ruling (AKA "Brown II") (1955)
With Little Deliberate Speed (African American History!)
With All Deliberate Speed - Lesson Plan (Anti-Defamation League)
With All Deliberate Speed (Library of Congress)
Griffin v. County School Board of Prince Edward County (1964)
Griffin v. School Board (Justia.com ~ Supreme Court Center)
Griffin v. County School Board ... (UMKC School of Law)
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County (1968)
Green v. County School Board of New Kent County (Cornell Univ. Law School)
Southern School Desegregation 1966-67 (U.S. Civil Rights Comm.)
College Desegregation
See Autherine Lucy vs University of Alabama (1956)
See University of Georgia, Desegregation of (1961)
See Meredith Desegregates 'Ole Miss (1962)
Mickey Schwerner see Chaney, Schwerner, Goodman Lynching
SCOPE Summer Project, 1965 see Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Segregation — the "Jim Crow" System
Birmingham Segregation Laws
Racial Desegregation of Public Accomodations (National Park Service)
Remembering Jim Crow (American Raido Works)
Rise and Fall of Jim Crow (PBS)
Self-defense see:
Bogalusa LA Movement
Robert F. Williams, Monroe NC Movement, & Self-Defense
Selma Voting Rights Campaign & March to Montgomery
Selma — Cracking the Wall of Fear, 1963 (CRMVet)
Freedom Day in Selma, 1963 (CRMVet)
The Selma Injunction, 1964 (CRMVet)
Selma & the March to Montgomery (A Discussion ~ CRMVet)
National Voting Rights Museum and Institute (Selma, Alabama)
Selma to Montgomery March (King Institute at Stanford Univ.)
When You Pray, Move Your Feet (Library of Congress)
African Americans Campaign for Voting Rights in Selma ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Selma-Montgomery March (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Selma, Alabama (Silas Norman and John Love, SNCC)
Police Attack Alabama Marchers (BBC)
Selma (African American History!)
LBJ Library
LBJ's "We Shall Overcome" Speech (History Place)
Selma to Montgomery -- A Visual History (Photographs by Spider Martin)
Civil Rights, Voting Rights, & Selma March (Amistad Digital Resource)
Selma-to-Montgomery March Begins (Finding Dulcinea)
National Park Service links:
Selma-to-Montgomery March
Selma to Montgomery Voting Rights March [Lesson Plan]
Selma To Montgomery National Historic Trail
Around Selma — Italian and English (Iperstoria ~ Univ. of Verona, Italy)
And Justice For All... (Jennifer ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Selma Bridge: Always Under Construction (Allen Tullos ~ Southern Spaces)
50th anniversary of the Selma-to-Montgomery Voting Rights March (Alabama State University )
See also JFK Library
Fred Shuttlesworth
Rev. Fred L. Shuttlesworth (Cincinnati Historical Society)
See also
Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights
Birmingham Movement
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Sit-ins
Sit-Ins of 1960 (CRMVet)
Rock Hill & Charlotte Sit-ins, J. Charles Jones.
Jacksonville Sit-ins & 'Ax-Handle Saturday
Freedom Movement in Washington DC, 1960-61, Triggs & Dietrich.
Sitting for Justice (Smithsonian Museum of American History)
International Civil Rights Center and Museum
Sit-Ins (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Sit-Ins (African American History!)
You Say You Want a Revolution (Irene ~ Odyssey Student Trek)
Justice (CORE ~ Online Archive California)
Student Protest (Amistad Digital Resource ~ Columbia University)
Virginia Union University Students Campaign ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Montgomery, AL students sit-in ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Jacksonville Students Sit-in ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Durham Students Sit-in ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Students Protest Segregation in Columbia, SC ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Tallahassee, FL, Students Sit-in ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Counter Histories (Southern Foodways Alliance)
See also entries for specific states and cities
South Carolina Freedom Movements
Students Protest Segregation in Columbia, SC ...(GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
See also Orangeburg SC Movement & Orangeburg Massacre
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Founded (CRMVet)
Even in the Face of Death, Bayard Rustin. Liberation, February, 1957.
SCLC/SCOPE Project, Maria Gitin
SCLC Documents (CRMVet Document Collection)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Records of the SCLC, 1954-1970 (Truman State Univ.)
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (University of Houston)
This is SCLC (1960 pamphlet) (National Humanities Center)
SCLC's Summer Community Organization and Political Education Project (SCOPE)
SCOPE Articles & Memoirs by Freedom Movement Veterans
SCLC's SCOPE Project Documents
Letters & Field Reports from SCOPE Projects
SCOPE Project (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
SCOPE project (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Dynamics of Idealism: Volunteers for Civil Rights (DISC ~ Univ. Wisconsin)
Dynamics of Idealism: Volunteers for Civil Rights (Univ Wisc)
Diary of a Young Civil Rights Worker (Lynn Goldsmith, Brandeis Univ.)
For more on SCLC see also sections covering:
Martin Luther King
Fred Shuttlesworth
Andrew Young
JFK Library
Southern Conference Education Fund (SCEF)
Two Remarkable Women (Jo Freeman)
The South's Rebel Without A Pause (Heather Gray ~ In Motion)
Southern Conference for Human Welfare... (Indiana Univ.)
Southern Courier
Southern Courier (Sample issues & background ~ CRMVet)
The Southern Courier
Southern Courier Archive (All issues)
Writing the Wrong in Alabama, Stephen Fee (Harvard Crimson)
The Southern Courier: A Paper For The People (YouTube video).
Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC)
Southern Student Organizing Committee (SSOC) Founded (CRMVet)
SSOC: Students in the South (Ed Hamlett ~ Online Archive California)
Sovereignty Commission see Mississippi Sovereignty Commission
Students in the Freedom Movement see Youth and Student Role in Freedom Movement
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) ("snick")
One Person, One Vote (SNCC Legacy Project & Duke University)
SNCC Digital Gateway. (SNCC Legacy Project & Duke University)
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Founded (CRMVet)
The Founding of SNCC. (SNCC 50th Anniversary Conference)
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (Multiple articles)
SNCC Documents (CRMVet Document Collection)
SNCC: Importance of It's Work, Value of It's Legacy, Charles Cobb (SNCC Legacy Project)
Chicago SNCC History Project (Facebook page)
Chicago SNCC History Project (2007 website)
Hidden History of the SNCC Research Department, Derek Seidman (Little Sis)
Student Voice, SNCC Newsletter
Student Voice & Internal Newsletters Sample issues (CRMvets)
Student Voice All issues (Wisconsin Historical Society)
The Movement Friends of SNCC Newspaper 1965-70 (Farmworkers)
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (Teaching Materials ~ Zinn Education Project)
SNCC 1960-1966. (Four students at Univ. North Carolina)
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
SNCC & MFDP (ROAR International)
SNCC: What We Did (Julian Bond ~ Monthly Review)
SNCC (Center for Oral History ~ Univ. of Southern Mississippi)
A Family Divided (Irene Huangyi Lin - Odyssey U.S. Trek)
SNCC (U.S. Defense Department Intelligence Report)
SNCC in Arkansas (Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture)
SNCC in Georgia (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
SNCC Listserve
Retrospectives:
We Shall Not be Moved: Life & Times of SNCC from 1988 conference. (Trinity College) 
SNCC 50th Anniversary Conference
Videos: SNCC 50th Anniversary Conference (38 DVDs).
SNCC A Report on the 50th Reunion, by Mike Miller (PRRAC)
SNCC Symposium 2010 (Brown Univ.)
U.S. Civil Rights Veterans Pass Torch to Younger Generation (Lucy Komisar)
Marking SNCC's 50th Anniversary (NPR)
Never Turn Back: SNCC's 50th Anniversary Gathering ... (Carl Davidson)
See also sections covering::
Ella Baker
Black Power
Julian Bond
Freedom Rides
Freedom Summer
Jim Forman
Fannie Lou Hamer
John Lewis
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)
Robert (Bob) Moses
Diane Nash
Sit-ins
Kwame Ture (Stokely Carmichael)
Student Strike at Moton High
Moton High School (National Park Service)
The Road to Brown (documentary film).
Interview Oliver Hill (Virginia Commonwealth Univ.)
Interview John Stokes (Virginia Commonwealth Univ.)
African Americans Campaign for Reopening ... (GNAD ~
Swarthmore Coll.)
New York Times v Sullivan & King Tax Case
State of Alabama v King (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan (King Institute ~ Standford Univ.)
New York Times v Sullivan (Cornell Law School)
Analysis NYT v Sullivan "Actual Malice" Rule (Human and Constitutional Rights)
Summary of New York Times v Sullivan (Oyez ~ Chicago-Kent College of Law)
Case that Changed First Amendment History (Freedom Forum)
New York Times v Sullivan Opinion (Boston College)
New York Times v Sullivan (Encyclopedia of Alabama)
Summer Community Organization and Political Education (SCOPE) Project see Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Summer Volunteers
~ T ~
Tallahassee Bus Boycott
Tallahassee Black Community Boycotts Buses ... (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
Images of the Civil Rights Movement in Florida (Florida Memory)
Tennessee Freedom Movement
Civil Rights Movement (Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture)
Civil Rights Movement in Tennessee (Middle Tennessee State University)
Tennessee's Modern Movement for Civil Rights (Tennessee State Museum)
Lesson plans & teaching aids for grades: 5-12 (Tennessee State Museum)
Civil Rights Movement (Tennessee4Me.org ~ Tennessee State Museum)
Timeline of civil rights in Tennessee (Jackson Sun)
National Civil Rights Museum (Lorraine Motel, Memphis)
"Tent City," Tennessee (Richard L. Saunders ~ Paul Meek Library Museum)
Texas Freedom Movement
Civil Rights and Conservatism (Texas Our Texas ~ PBS)
Brown, Black, and White in Texas (Southern Spaces, 3/13/2012)
Houston Civil Rights Movement (Blog posting)
Texas Civil Rights Movement Wins Big Victories (Bob Feldman)
Black students sit-in for U.S. civil rights, Marshall, TX (GNAD ~ Swarthmore Coll.)
standinsanddirtynothings (Documents from Univ. of Texas)
Desegregation of Austin's Movie Theatres, (Austin Chronicle 12/4/15)
Emmett Till
Emmett Till murdered! (African-American Registry)
Emmett Till murder (Civil Rights Digital Library)
They Stand Accused James Hicks (Christopher Metress )
Emmett Till Murder (EmmitTillMurder.Com)
Lynching of Emmett Till (In Search of Heroes)
Murder of Emmett Till (American Experience - PBS)
Murder of Emmett Till (African American History!)
Till, Emmett Louis (1941-1955) (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
Kwame Ture (Stokely Carmichael)
Kwame Ture (In Memory ~ CRMVet)
Position Paper: The Basis of Black Power (The '60s Project)
1967 Speech & Slideshow (Washington Univ.)
"Black Power" speech, 1968 (American Rhetoric)
Tuskegee Boycott (Butler Chapel, National Park Service)
~ U ~
University of Alabama, Desegregation of
Standing In the Schoolhouse Door (CRMVet)
University of Alabama Integration (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Malone Hood Plaza (University of Alabama)
See also Autherine Lucy vs University of Alabama
University of Georgia, Desegregation of
University of Georgia Desegregated, 1961 (CRMVet)
Charlayne Hunter-Gault (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Hamilton Holmes (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
University of Georgia Integration (Civil Rights Digital Library)
Athens (Freedom on Film ~ Univ. Georgia)
40th Anniversary Desegregation of UGA (Univ. of Georgia)
Celebrating Courage: 50th Anniversary Desegregation (Univ. Georgia)
Georgia Tech Integration (Civil Rights Digital Library)
University of Mississippi, Desegregation of see Meredith Desegregates 'Ole Miss, 1962
~ V ~
Vietnam War & Civil Rights Movement
Articles & Speeches Opposing the Vietnam War by Movement Veterans (CRMVet)
Freedom Movement Documents Related to the Vietnam War (CRMVet)
Vietnam War (SNCC 1960-1966)
Vietnam War (1961-1975) (King Institute ~ Stanford University)
Vietnam War & Civil Rights Movement (Brendan Gallagher ~ UK)
Virginia Freedom Movements
Civil Rights Movement in Virginia (Virginia Historical Society)
Civil Rights in U.S. and Virginia History (University of Virginia)
Voices of Freedom (Virginia Commonwealth University)
Civil Rights Movement in Middleburg VA (Eugene Scheel)
Historic Library Desegregation (Long Civil Rights Movt. ~ UNC)
Griffin v. School Board (Justia.com ~ Supreme Court Center)
Griffin v. County School Board ... (UMKC School of Law)
Farmville 1963 Civil Rights Protests (Virginia Commonwealth University)
Freedom Now Project Images from the summer of 1963, Farmville, Va. (Virginia Commonwealth University)
Massive Resistance in a Small Town (Humanities ~ NEH)
Farmville Protests of 1963, (Encyclopdia of Virginia)
See also sections covering:
Danville Movement
The Norfolk 17 (Virginia school integration)
C.T. Vivian
C.T. Vivian Interview (Eyes on the Prize ~ PBS)
Vivian, Cordy Tindell (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Vivian, Cordy Tindell (BlackPast.org)
C.T. Vivian (National Visionary Leadership Project)
Voting Rights
Voting Rights — Are You "Qualified" to Vote? Literacy Tests. (CRMVet)
Voting Rights History — Two Centuries of Struggle (CRMVet)
One Person, One Vote (SNCC Legacy Project & Duke University)
Expanding Voting Rights (Teaching Tolerance)
Racial Voting Rights (National Park Service)
Winning the Vote: A History of Voting Rights by Steven Mintz (Lehrman Institute)
History: The Right to Vote, By Tod Olson (Scholastic)
Milestones in Voting History (City University of New York (CUNY)
History of Voting Rights (eLocal Lawyers) [Video]
Asian American History Timeline
History of Federal Voting Rights Laws (Dept. of Justice)
Introduction to Federal Voting Rights Laws (Dept. of Justice)
See also:
Voting Rights Act
Voting Rights Act Renewal
Civil Rights Acts
Mississippi Movement
Selma Voting Rights Campaign
Voting Rights Act Renewal
Renew the Voting Rights Act (CRMVet)
Voting Rights Act: Renew Restore (ACLU)
Reaffirm Commitment to Voting Rights Act (National Council of Churches)
~ W ~
Wednesdays in Mississippi
Community Organizing II: Wednesdays in Mississippi (Jewish Women's Archive)
Excerpts from the Report from Polly Cowan, Project Coordinator, 1964 (JWA)
Wednesdays in Mississippi (Liza Cowan)
Wednesdays in Mississippi: Uniting Women... (Debbie Harwell~ JSH)
Wednesdays in Mississippi: Civil Rights as Women's Work (Univ. Houston)
See also National Council of Negro Women & Dorothy Height
We Shall Overcome
Song:
We Shall Overcome (Library of Congress)
The History of 'We Shall Overcome' (NPR)
Speech:
"We Shall Overcome" — Martin Luther King (YouTube Video)
Performances:
[Blocked by copyright barriers.]
We Shall Overcome Historic Places National Park Service. (Click on the red location circles.)
White Citizens Council (now known as "Council of Conservative Citizens)
White Citizens Council Formed (CRMVet)
Council of Conservative Citizens (Anti-Defamation League)
White Citizens Council (Univ. Southern Mississippi)
White Citizens' Councils aimed to maintain 'Southern way of life' (Jackson Sun)
White Citizens Councils (WCC) (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
People & Events: Citizens' Councils (American Experience ~ PBS)
Council of Conservative Citizens (Southern Poverty Law Center)
See also Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
Robert F. Williams, Monroe NC Movement, & Self-Defense
Robert Williams & Armed Self-Defense in Monroe NC (CRMVet)
Frame-up, Escape, & Exile of Robert F. Williams (CRMVet)
Swimming Pool Showdown, Robert Williams. Southern Exposure.
Speech by Robert F. Williams in China (MarxMail.org)
Robert F. William (Alternative Tentacles Records)
Negroes With Guns: Untold History of Black NRA Gun Clubs & CRM (Guns & Ammo)
Women In the Civil Rights Movement
Women of the Freedom Movement (CRMVet)
Women Who Shaped the Civil Rights Movement. (Yale Univ.)
I Can't Deal With Her: Black and White Women in the Movement, by (Ruby Sales)
Jewish Women in Civil Rights (Jewish Women's Archive)
How and Why Did Women in SNCC Author a Pathbreaking Feminist Manifesto
~ X ~
~ Y ~
Andrew Young
LBJ Library
Andrew Young (New Georgia Encyclopedia)
Andrew Young (Audio Interview) (Tavis Smiley Show)
Youth and Student Role in Freedom Movement
When Youth Protest: The Mississippi Civil Rights Movement (MS Hist. Society)
Student Protest (Amistad Digital Resource ~ Columbia University)
Lesson Plan: The Children's crusade ... (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Direct Actions & Desegregation (Atlanta Regrional Council Higher Education)
See also Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Youth March for Integrated Schools 1958
Youth March for Integrated Schools (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Address at Youth March (King Institute ~ Stanford Univ.)
Labor & Civil Rights: Two Movements, One Goal? (George Meany Archives)
~ Z ~
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